Novel biphenyl derivative and method for preparing same

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides novel biphenyl derivatives, isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, methods for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The novel biphenyl derivatives, isomers thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as disclosed in the present invention, act as muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists, and thus are useful for the prevention or treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer&#39;s disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyper-salivation syndromes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to novel muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists, and more particularly, to novel biphenyl derivatives having muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist activity, or isomers thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or hydrates thereof, methods for preparing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same as an active ingredient.

BACKGROUND ART

Muscarinic receptors are found in all parts of the human body, including the brain and salivary glands. Such receptors are members of G-protein coupled receptors, and are further divided into five subtypes (M1 to M5). Among these subtypes, M1, M2 and M3 receptors are extensively found in tissues of animal and human, and their pharmacological properties have been elucidated. Muscarinic M1 receptor is expressed mainly in cerebral cortex, and is involved in the regulation of higher cognitive functions. The M2 receptor is found mainly in heart and bladder smooth muscles, and is involved in regulation of heart rate. It is known that the M3 receptor is extensively expressed in many peripheral tissues and is involved in stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary tract, and salivation. The M4 and M5 receptors are found in the brain, and the M4 receptor is mainly involved in movement, but the role of the M5 receptor remains obscure.

Generally, it was found that muscarinic receptor antagonists are useful for the treatment of various diseases, for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyper-salivation syndromes (Invest. Drugs, 1997, 6 (10), 1395-1411, Drugs Future, 1997, 22 (2) 135-137, Drugs Future, 1996, 21 (11), 1105-1108, Drugs Future, 1997, 22 (7), 733-737).

Meanwhile, it is known that, among the muscarinic receptors, the M2 and M3 receptors are predominant in human bladder and play a role in the regulation of bladder contraction. The M2 receptor is present in the bladder in an amount that is at least three times larger than the M3 receptor, and it plays a role in inhibiting bladder relaxation by beta-receptor rather than being involved directly in bladder contraction. Thus, the M3 receptor appears to play the most important role in bladder contraction. Therefore, selective antagonists against the M3 receptor exhibit excellent inhibitory effects against muscarinic bladder contraction, but inhibit salivary secretion to cause dry mouth.

Accordingly, the present inventors have prepared novel derivatives that can exhibit functional activity by their selective binding to the muscarinic M3 receptor and have minimized side effects, thereby completing the present invention.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

It is an object of the present invention to provide novel biphenyl derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide methods for preparing novel biphenyl derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist containing novel biphenyl derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or hydrates thereof as an active ingredient.

Technical Solution

The present invention provides novel biphenyl derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The present invention also provides methods for preparing novel biphenyl derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The present invention also provides muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists containing novel biphenyl derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or hydrates thereof as an active ingredient.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical. For example, C₁-C₆ alkyl is an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is intended to include all methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, isopentyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkoxy” means a radical wherein the hydrogen atom of a hydroxyl group is substituted with alkyl. For example, C₁-C₆ alkoxy is intended to include all methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, neopentyloxy, isopentyloxy and the like.

Novel Biphenyl Derivatives

The present invention provides novel biphenyl derivatives represented by the following Formula 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof:

wherein:

R₁ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R₂, R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, or —C(O)R₆;

R₅ is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl;

n is 0 or 1; and

R₆ is hydrogen or amino.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, R₁ in Formula 1 may be hydrogen or halogen; R₂, R₃ and R₄ may each independently be hydrogen, halogen, or C₁-C₆ alkyl; and R₅ may be C₁-C₆ alkyl.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, R₁ in Formula 1 may be hydrogen; R₂, R₃ and R₄ may each independently be hydrogen or halogen; R₅ may be C₁-C₆ alkyl; and n may be 0 or 1.

In the present invention, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are preferably acid addition salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable free acids. Free acids that may be used in the present invention include organic acids and inorganic acids. The inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc, and the organic acids include citric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, coumaric acid, gluconic acid, methanesulfonic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, 4-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, galacturonic acid, embonic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc.

In addition, the compounds of Formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof can show polymorphism, and can also exist as solvates (e.g., hydrates, etc.). Furthermore, the compounds of the present invention can also exist as individual stereoisomers or mixtures of stereoisomers.

The present invention is also directed to novel biphenyl derivatives selected from the group consisting of the following compounds:

-   1)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   2)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   3)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   4)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   5)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   6) 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   7)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   8)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   9)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   10)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-trifluoromethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   11)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   12)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-trifluoromethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   13)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-trifluoromethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   14)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl((3′-fluoro-4′-methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   15)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   16)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-ethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   17)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   18)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   19)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   20)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   21)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   22)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   23)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   24)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,4-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   25)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   26)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   27)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   28)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   29)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-(3-hydroxypropyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   30)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-(dimethylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   31)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-(tert-butyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   32)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   33)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   34)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   35)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   36)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   37)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-tert-butyl-5′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   38)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-fluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   39)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-amino-3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   40)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   41)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   42)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   43)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   44)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-ethyl-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   45)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   46)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-amino-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   47)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-(trifluoro-methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   48)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   49)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   50)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   51)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   52)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   53)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   54)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   55)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   56)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   57)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   58)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-4′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   59)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-fluoro-3′,4′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   60)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   61)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   62)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   63)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   64)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   65)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   66)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   67)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-chloro-3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   68)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   69)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5-chloro-3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   70)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   71)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5,5′-trichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   72)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   73)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   74)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-4′-formyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   75)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   76)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   77)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   78) (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   79) (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   80)     (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   81)     (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   82)     (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   83)     (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   84)     (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   85)     (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   86)     (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   87)     (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   88)     (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   89)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   90)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   91)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   92)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   93)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   94)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   95)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   96)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   97)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   98)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   99)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   100)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   101)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   102)     (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   103)     (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   104)     (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   105)     (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   106)     (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   107)     (S)-(1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   108)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   109)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   110)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   111)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   112)     (S)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   113)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   114)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   115)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   116)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   117)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   118)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   119)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   120)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   121)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   122)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   123)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   124)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   125)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   126)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   127)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(4′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   128)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   129)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   130)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   131)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   132)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   133)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   134)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   135)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   136)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   137)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   138)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   139)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   140)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   141)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   142)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   143)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5-dlfluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   144)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   145)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   146)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5-dichloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   147)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   148)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   149)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   150)     (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   151)     (R)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   152)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-(hydroxymethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   153)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-carbamoyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   154)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   155)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   156)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   157)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   158)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   159)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-6′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   160)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   161)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   162)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   163)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,4′,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   164)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   165)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   166)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   167)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   168)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   169)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   170)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   171)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   172)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   173)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,4′,5,5′-tetrafluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   174)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   175)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   176)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   177)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   178)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-cyano-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   179)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   180)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   181)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   182)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   183)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   184)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   185)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2′,6′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   186)     2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(5′-chloro-2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   187)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   188)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   189)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   190)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-6′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   191)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   192)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   193)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   194)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   195)     (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   196)     (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   197)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; -   198)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   199)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   200)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   201)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   202)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   203)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   204)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   205)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   206)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   207)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   208)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   209)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-(tert-butyl)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   210)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   211)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   212)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   213)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-amino-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   214)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2′,5-difluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   215)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   216)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   217)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   218)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-2′,4′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   219)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-ethoxy-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   220)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,4′-dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   221)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   222)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   223)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   224)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; -   225)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate;     and -   226)     (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate.

Methods for Preparation of Novel Biphenyl Derivatives

The present invention provides methods for preparing the compounds of formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof (Preparation Methods 1 to 4).

Preparation Method 1

The method for preparing the compounds of formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention may comprise a step of reacting a compound of the following formula 2 with a compound of the following formula 3 in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in formula 1.

The carbamate synthesis reagent preferably comprises an azide compound. Specifically, the carbamate synthesis reagent that is used in the present invention may be a mixture of diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) and triethylamine, a mixture of propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P), trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN₃) and triethylamine, a mixture of sodium azide (NaN₃), tetrabutylammonium bromide and zinc(II) triflate, or the like.

In addition, the carbamate synthesis reaction may be performed at a temperature between 100° C. and 120° C. for 4 to 12 hours.

Preparation Method 2

In addition, the method for preparing the compounds of formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 2 with a compound of the following formula 3a in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 4; removing an amine protecting group from the compound of formula 4 to prepare a compound of the following formula 1a; and introducing an R₅ substituent into the compound of formula 1a:

wherein R₁ to R₄ and n are the same as defined in formula 1, and PG₁ is an amine protecting group which may be selected from the group consisting of Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl), benzyl, tert-butyl, PMB (4-methoxybenzyl), Fmoc (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl), Ts (tosylate), MOM (methoxymethyl), THP (tetrahydropyranyl), TBDMS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl), and TBDPS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl).

The carbamate synthesis reagent and the reaction conditions are the same as described above for preparation method 1.

In addition, palladium-carbon (Pd—C), a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrobromic acid or the like; or a base such as piperidine; ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate; tetra-n-butyl ammonium fluoride or the like may be used in the reaction of removing amine protecting group. The reaction may be carried out at room temperature for 3 to 12 hours.

In addition, the reaction of introducing the R₅ substituent may be carried out using formaldehyde solution, acetic acid and zinc, or may be carried out using alkyl halide, potassium carbonate, potassium iodide or triethylamine. Water or dimethylformamide may be used as a solvent. The reaction may be performed at room temperature to 120° C. for 5-12 hours.

Meanwhile, the compound of formula 2 can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 in the presence of an acid to prepare a compound of the following formula 6, which has a carboxylic acid protecting group introduced therein; coupling the compound of formula 6 with a compound of the following formula 7 to prepare a compound of the following formula 8; and de-esterifying the compound of formula 8 in the presence of a base:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in formula 1; X is halogen; and PG₂ is a protecting group that may be selected from the group consisting of a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, benzyl, PMB (4-methoxybenzyl), THP (tetrahydropyranyl), TBDMS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl), and TBDPS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl).

In the reaction of introducing the carboxylic acid protecting group, thionyl chloride or sulfuric acid is preferably used as the acid, and ethanol or methanol may be used as a solvent. The reaction may be performed at a temperature between 80° C. and 100° C. for 4 to 24 hours.

In addition, the base that is used in the coupling reaction is preferably selected from among potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate. A catalyst that is used in the coupling reaction may be tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium or dichlorobistriphenylphosphine palladium, and a solvent that is used in the coupling reaction may be toluene, a mixture of toluene and ethanol, a mixture of ethanol and water, a mixture of acetonitrile and water, or the like. Furthermore, the coupling reaction may be performed at a temperature between 100° C. and 120° C. for 10 minutes to 12 hours.

Furthermore, the base that is used in the de-esterification reaction is preferably selected from among sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and a solvent that is used in the de-esterification reaction may be ethanol or a mixture of ethanol and water. The de-esterification reaction may be performed at a temperature between 100° C. and 120° C. for 2 to 12 hours.

Preparation Method 3

In addition, the method for preparing the compounds of formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 with a compound of the following formula 3 in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 9; and coupling a compound of the following formula 7 to the compound of formula 9:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in formula 1, and X is halogen.

The carbamate synthesis reagent and the reaction conditions are the same as described above for preparation method 1.

In addition, the coupling reaction reagents and the reaction conditions are the same as described above for preparation method 2.

Preparation Method 4

In addition, the method for preparing the compounds of formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 with a compound of the following formula 3a in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 9a; deprotecting the compound of formula 9a to obtain a compound of the following formula 9b; introducing an R₅ substituent into the compound of the formula 9b to prepare a compound of the following formula 9; and coupling a compound of the following formula 7 to the compound of formula 9:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in formula 1; X is halogen; and PG₁ is the same as defined in preparation method 2.

The carbamate synthesis reagent and the reaction conditions are as described above for preparation method 1.

In addition, the deprotection reaction, the reaction of introducing the R₅ substituent and the coupling reaction are as described above for preparation method 2.

Pharmaceutical Composition Containing Novel Biphenyl Derivatives

The present invention provides a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist containing the compound of formula 1, an isomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof as an active ingredient.

In the present invention, the muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist may be a composition for the prevention or treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyper-salivation syndromes.

In the present invention, the muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist may contain, in addition to the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, one or more active ingredients showing a function equal or similar to the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

For administration, the composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier that is used in the composition of the present invention may be physiological saline, sterile water, Ringer's solution, buffered saline, dextrose solution, maltodextrin solution, glycerol, ethanol, or a mixture of one or more thereof. If necessary, other conventional additives such as antioxidants, buffers or bacteriostatic agents may be added to the composition of the present invention. In addition, diluents, dispersants, surfactants, binders and lubricants may further be added to the composition to formulate injectable formulations such as aqueous solutions, suspensions or emulsions, pills, capsules, granules or tablets. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may preferably be formulated depending on particular diseases or their components, using a suitable method known in the art or the method described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Science, Merck Publishing Company, Easton Pa.

In addition, when the muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist of the present invention is for oral administration, the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be contained in an amount of 1-95 wt %, preferably 1-70 wt %, based on the total weight of the M3 receptor antagonist.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered orally or may be administered parenterally in the form of injectable solutions, suppositories, transdermal agents, inhalation agents or intravesical agents.

The present invention also provides a method for treating or alleviating a disease caused by decline of the activity on muscarinic M3 receptor, the method comprising administering a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist containing the compound of formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt as an active ingredient to mammals including humans in need of muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist activity.

The muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist of the present invention may be used alone or in combination with surgery, hormone therapy, drug therapy and a biological response modifier in order to prevent or treat a disease caused by decline of the activity on muscarinic M3 receptor.

Method for Prevention or Treatment of Muscarinic M3 Receptor-Related Diseases

The present invention also provides a method for preventing or treating a muscarinic M3 receptor-related disease, for example, a disease selected from among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyper-salivation syndromes, the method comprising administering to subjects in need thereof a composition containing, as an active ingredient, the compound of formula 1, or an isomer thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof.

The composition that is used in the preventing or treating method of the present invention includes the pharmaceutical composition as described herein.

In addition, the subjects in need of the preventing or treating method of the present invention include mammals, particularly humans.

Advantageous Effects

The biphenyl derivatives according to the present invention have affinity and selectivity for the muscarinic M3 receptor and less toxic. Thus, these biphenyl derivatives can be used as agents for preventing or treating various diseases, particularly urinary system diseases such as enuresis, nervous pollakiuria, neurogenic bladder, unstable bladder, chronic cystitis, cystospasm, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination, respiratory system diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, asthma, or rhinitis, and digestive diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis or diverticulitis, in which the muscarinic M3 receptor is involved.

Particularly, because the biphenyl derivatives of the present invention have high selectivity for the muscarinic M2 receptor and the muscarinic M3 receptor that is present in smooth muscles, gland tissues and the like, these biphenyl derivatives are M3 receptor antagonists having less side effects, and thus are very useful as agents for preventing or treating urinary incontinence, frequent urination, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, rhinitis, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying synthesis examples, examples and experimental examples. However, the Examples according to the present invention can be modified in various ways, and the scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the following Examples. The Examples of the present invention are provided so that those skilled in the art can sufficiently understand the present invention.

Furthermore, agents stated hereinafter were purchased from Aldrich Korea, Acros, Lancaster, TCI unless otherwise specified. ¹H NMR used herein was Varian 400 MHz, and Microwave oven used herein was Monowave 300 of Anton Paar company.

Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid Step 1 Synthesis of ethyl-2-bromobenzoate

2-Bromobenzoic acid (5 g, 24.87 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (100 mL). Sulfuric acid (5 mL) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 24 hours. After reaction was terminated, the reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure, and extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (4.9 g, 86%).

Step 2 Synthesis of ethyl 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate

Ethyl-2-bromobenzoate (1 g, 4.37 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was dissolved in a mixed solution of toluene (20 mL) and ethanol (4 mL), and then 4-fluorophenyl boronic acid (672 mg, 4.80 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.21 g, 8.73 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (504 mg, 0.44 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 100° C. for 6 hours, cooled to room temperature and filtered through celite. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (948 mg, 89%).

Step 3 Synthesis of 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid

Ethyl 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate (948 mg, 3.33 mmol) prepared in Step 2 was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL). 2N-sodium hydroxide solution (5.82 mL, 11.64 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with 1N-hydrochloric acid and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to prepare the titled compound (747 mg, 89%).

Synthesis Examples 2-15

2-Bromobenzoic acid as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 1 were used to prepare compounds of Synthesis Examples 2-15 in the same manner as Synthesis Example 1.

TABLE 1 Synthesis Examples 1-15 Synthesis Example Chemical Name Reacting Material 1 4′-Fluoro-[1,1′- 4-Fluorophenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 2 3′,5′-Difluoro-[1,1′- 3,5-Difluorophenyl biphenyl]-2-carboxylic boronic acid acid 3 3′,4′,5′-Trifluoro- 3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- boronic acid carboxylic acid 4 3′-Fluoro-[1,1′- 3-Fluorophenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 5 4′-Methoxy-[1,1′- 4-Methoxyphenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 6 4′-Chloro-[1,1′- 4-Chlorophenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 7 3′-Chloro-[1,1′- 3-Chlorophenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 8 3′,5′-Dichloro-[1,1′- 3,5-Dichlorophenyl biphenyl]-2-carboxylic boronic acid acid 9 4′-Trifluoromethoxy- 4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- boronic acid carboxylic acid 10 4′-Nitro-[1,1′- 4-Nitrophenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 11 3′-Trifluoromethyl- 3-Trifluoromethylphenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- boronic acid carboxylic acid 12 4′-Trifluoromethyl- 4-Trifluoromethylphenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- boronic acid carboxylic acid 13 3′-Fluoro-4′-methyl- 3-Fluoro-4-methylphenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- boronic acid carboxylic acid 14 3′-Methyl-[1,1′- 3-Methylphenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid 15 3′-Ethoxy-[1,1′- 3-Ethoxyphenyl boronic biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid acid

Synthesis Example 16 Synthesis of 3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid Step 1 Ethyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate

2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzoic acid (2.37 g, 10.82 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (100 mL). Thionyl chloride (1.57 mL, 21.64 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 24 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature after the reaction was terminated. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (2.29 g, 87%).

Step 2 Ethyl 3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate

Ethyl 2-bromo-4-fluorobenzoate (1.1 g, 4.47 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was dissolved in toluene (20 mL). 3-Chlorophenyl boronic acid (766 mg, 4.90 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.23 g, 8.90 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (520 mg, 0.44 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 100° C. for 6 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (850 mg, 69%).

Step 3 3′-Chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid

Ethyl 3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylate (850 mg, 3.05 mmol) prepared in Step 2 was dissolved in ethanol (20 mL). 2N-sodium hydroxide solution (4.57 mL, 9.15 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure and extracted with 1N-hydrochloric acid and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to prepare the titled compound (650 mg, 85%).

Synthesis Examples 17-26

The starting materials and reacting materials in Table 2 were used to prepare compounds of Synthesis Examples 17-26 in the same manner as Synthesis Example 16.

TABLE 2 Synthesis Examples 16-26 Synthesis Starting Reacting Example Chemical Name Material Material 16 3′-Chloro-5- 2-Bromo-4- 3-Chlorophenyl fluoro-[1,1′- fluorobenzoic boronic acid biphenyl]-2- acid carboxylic acid 17 3′,5-Difluoro- 2-Bromo-4- 3-Fluorophenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]- fluorobenzoic boronic acid 2-carboxylic acid acid 18 4′,5-Difluoro- 2-Bromo-4- 4-Fluorophenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]- fluorobenzoic boronic acid 2-carboxylic acid acid 19 3′,5,5′- 2-Bromo-4- 3,5- Trifluoro-[1,1′- fluorobenzoic Difluorophenyl biphenyl]-2- acid boronic acid carboxylic acid 20 5-Fluoro-[1,1′- 2-Bromo-4- Phenyl boronic biphenyl]-2- fluorobenzoic acid carboxylic acid acid 21 5-Fluoro-3′- 2-Bromo-4- 3-Methylphenyl methyl-[1,1′- fluorobenzoic boronic acid biphenyl]-2- acid carboxylic acid 22 4-Fluoro-[1,1′- 2-Bromo-5- Phenyl boronic biphenyl]-2- fluorobenzoic acid carboxylic acid acid 23 3′,4-Difluoro- 2-Bromo-5- 3-Fluorophenyl [1,1′-biphenyl]- fluorobenzoic boronic acid 2-carboxylic acid acid 24 4-Methoxy-[1,1′- 2-Bromo-5- Phenyl boronic biphenyl]-2- methoxybenzoic acid carboxylic acid acid 25 5-Methyl-[1,1′- 2-Bromo-4- Phenyl boronic biphenyl]-2- methylbenzoic acid carboxylic acid acid 26 3′-Fluoro-5- 2-Bromo-4- 3-Fluorophenyl methyl-[1,1′- methylbenzoic boronic acid biphenyl]-2- acid carboxylic acid

Synthesis Example A Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)carbamate

2-Iodobenzoic acid (1 g, 4.03 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (50 mL). Biphenylphosphoryl azide (1.04 mL, 4.84 mmol) and triethylamine (566 μL, 4.03 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine (651 μL, 4.84 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure and the same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (1.16 g, 77%).

Synthesis Examples B-E

The starting materials in Table 3 were used instead of 2-iodobenzoic acid to prepare compounds of Synthesis Examples B-E in the same manner as Synthesis Example A.

TABLE 3 Synthesis Examples A-E Synthesis Example Chemical Name Starting Material A 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 2-Iodobenzoic acid yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)- (1 g, 4.03 mmol) carbamate (1.16 g, 77%) B 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 2-Bromo-4-fluoro- yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4- benzoic acid (2.5 g, fluorophenyl)carbamate 11.42 mmol) (3.7 g, 94%) C 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 2-Bromo-4- yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4- (trifluoromethyl)- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)- benzoic acid (2 g, carbamate (1.72 g, 94%) 7.43 mmol) D 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 2-Bromo-4-methoxy- yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4- benzoic acid (2 g, methoxyphenyl)carbamate 7.43 mmol) (2.5 g, 81%) E 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 2-Bromo-4-chloro- yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4- benzoic acid (2.5 g, chlorophenyl)carbamate 10.62 mmol) (38 g, 99%)

Synthesis Example F Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2-bromophenyl)carbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-tert-butyl 3-((((2-bromophenyl) carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

2-Bromobenzoic acid (4.5 g, 22.4 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (100 mL) and biphenylphosphoryl azide (5.8 mL, 26.9 mmol) and triethylamine (3.15 mL, 22.4 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature, (R)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (5.41 g, 26.9 mmol) was added thereto, and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (8.1 g, 91%).

Step 2 Synthesis of ((R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (2-bromo-phenyl)carbamate

(R)-tert-butyl-3-((((2-bromophenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)-methyl)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (8.1 g, 20.29 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL). Trifluoroacetic acid (50 mL) was added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure, and the same was extracted with 2N-sodium hydroxide solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (3.94 g, 65%).

Step 3 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2-bromophenyl)carbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(2-bromophenyl)carbamate (3.94 g, 13.13 mmol) prepared in Step 2 was dissolved in water (100 mL). Acetic acid (5 mL), formaldehyde solution (15 mL) and zinc powder (1.5 g) were sequentially added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reactant was filtered, neutralized with 2N-sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (3.06 g, 75%).

Synthesis Examples G-L

The starting materials and reacting materials in Table 4 were used to prepare compounds of Synthesis Examples G-L in the same manner as Synthesis Example F.

TABLE 4 Synthesis Examples F-L Synthesis Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material F (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromobenzoic (R)-tert-butyl 3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- acid (4.5 g, (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine- methyl (2-bromo- 22.4 mmol) 1-carboxylate phenyl)carbamate (5.41 g, 26.9 mmol) (3.06 g, 75%) G (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromobenzoic (S)-tert-butyl 3- pyrrolidin-3- acid (hydroxymethyl)- yl)methyl (2- pyrrolidine-1- bromophenyl)- carboxylate carbamate H (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4- (R)-tert-butyl 3- pyrrolidin-3- fluorobenzoic (hydroxymethyl)- yl)methyl (2- acid (5 g, pyrrolidine-1- bromo-4-fluoro- 22.83 mmol) carboxylate (5.51 g, phenyl)carbamate 27.4 mmol) (2.29 g, 30%) I Synthesis of (S)- 2-Bromo-4- (S)-tert-butyl 3- (1-methyl- fluorobenzoic (hydroxymethyl)- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- acid pyrrolidine-1- methyl (2-bromo- carboxylate 4-fluoro- phenyl)carbamate J (R)-(1- 2-Bromo-4- (R)-tert-butyl 3- methylpyrrolidin- chlorobenzoic (hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine- 3-yl)methyl (2- acid (5 g, 1-carboxylate bromo-4- 21.23 mmol) (5.1 g, 25.48 mmol) chlorophenyl)carbamate (2.5 g, 34%) K (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4- (R)-tert-butyl 3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- methoxybenzoic (hydroxymethyl)- methyl (2-bromo- acid (3 g, pyrrolidine-1- 4-methoxy- 12.98 mmol) carboxylate (3.9 g, phenyl)carbamate 19.47 mmol) (2.3 g, 52%) L (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4,5- (R)-tert-butyl 3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- difluorobenzoic (hydroxymethyl)- methyl (2-bromo- acid (1.5 g, pyrrolidine-1- 4,5-difluoro- 6.33 mmol) carboxylate (2.55 g, phenyl)carbamate 12.65 mmol) (884 mg, 40%)

Synthesis Example M Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2-bromophenyl)carbamate

2-Bromobenzoic acid (2 g, 9.95 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (75 mL), and then biphenylphosphoryl azide (2.57 mL, 11.94 mmol) and triethylamine (1.4 mL, 9.95 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol (1.42 mL, 11.94 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 4 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (1.4 g, 45%).

Synthesis Examples N-P

The starting materials and reacting materials in Table 5 were used to prepare compounds of Synthesis Examples N-P in the same manner as Synthesis Example M.

TABLE 5 Synthesis Examples M-P Synthesis Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material M (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromobenzoic (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- acid (2 g, pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(2- 9.95 mmol) methanol (1.42 mL, bromophenyl)- 11.94 mmol) carbamate (1.4 g, 45%) N (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- fluorobenzoic pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl (2- acid (4 g, methanol (2.6 mL, bromo-4-fluoro- 18.26 mmol) 21.91 mmol) phenyl)- carbamate (2.86 g, 47%) O (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- methoxybenzoic pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl (2- acid (600 mg, methanol (463 μL, bromo-4- 2.60 mmol) 3.90 mmol) methoxyphenyl)- carbamate (600 mg, 67%) P (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Bromo-4,5- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- difluorobenzoic pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(2- acid(1 g, methanol(730 mg, bromo-4,5- 4.22 mmol) 6.33 mmol) difluorophenyl)- carbamate (737 mg, 50%)

EXAMPLE

TABLE 6 Compounds of Examples Example Compound NMR Value  1 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.38- 7.26(m, 3H), 7.20- 7.06(m, 4H), 6.52- 6.41(bs, 1H), 4.21- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.12- 2.99(m, 1H), 2.29(m, 3H), 2.20-1.87(m, 4H), 1.83-1.61(m, 2H), 1.61-1.40(m, 2H)  2 2-(2-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 7.96(m, 1H), 7.45- 7.32(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.07(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.79(m, 3H), 6.55- 6.39(bs, 1H), 4.27- 4.10(m, 2H), 3.14- 2.99(m, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.21-1.85(m, 4H), 1.85-1.41(m, 4H)  3 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,4′,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00- 7.88(m, 1H), 7.43- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.29- 7.08(m, 2H), 7.05- 6.91(m, 2H), 6.69- 6.52(bs, 1H), 4.25- 4.06(m, 2H), 3.25- 3.08(m, 1H), 2.47- 2.17(m, 5H), 2.14- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.90- 1.45(m, 4H)  4 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.96(m, 1H), 7.50- 7.28(m, 2H), 7.22- 7.00(m, 5H), 6.60- 6.45(bs, 1H), 4.25- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.13- 2.99(m, 1H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.22-1.41(m, 8H)  5 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.35- 7.22(m, 4H), 7.20- 7.14(m, 1H), 7.12- 7.06(m, 1H), 7.03- 6.95(m, 2H), 6.63- 6.56(bs, 1H), 4.23- 4.10(m, 2H), 3.85(s, 3H), 3.10-3.01(m, 1H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.17- 1.88(m, 4H), 1.84- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.62- 1.41(m, 2H)  6 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11(s, 1H), 7.45 (t, 1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.34(dd, 2H), 7.21(dd, 2H), 7.12(t, 1H), 6.99(t, 1H), 6.64(s, 1H), 4.18-4.14(m, 2H), 3.09-3.01(m, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.34(m, 3H), 2.12-2.06(m, 2H), 1.91-1.82(m, 1H), 1.78-1.66(m, 2H), 1.60-1.56(m, 1H)  7 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 7.94(m, 1H), 7.55- 6.97(m, 7H), 6.55- 6.35(bs, 1H), 4.25- 3.98(m, 2H), 3.14- 2.94(m, 1H), 2.29(s, 3H), 2.20-1.84(m, 4H), 1.81-1.37(m, 4H)  8 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.06(s, 1H), 7.41- 7.35(m, 4H), 7.26- 7.22(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.16(m, 1H), 7.14- 7.10(m, 1H), 6.47(s, 1H), 4.22-4.15(m, 2H), 3.07-3.02(m, 1H), 2.29(s, 3H), 2.16- 2.06(m, 2H), 2.03- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.47(m, 2H)  9 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.35(m, 2H), 7.22- 7.20(m, 2H), 7.17- 7.11(m, 2H), 6.42(s, 1H), 4.22-4.13(m, 2H), 3.10-3.01(s, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.08- 2.04(m, 2H), 2.03- 1.90(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.60(m, 2H), 1.58- 1.42(m, 2H)  10 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-trifluoromethoxy- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.34(m, 3H), 7.31- 7.291(m, 2H), 7.19- 7.11(m, 2H), 6.44(s, 1H), 4.24-4.15(m, 2H), 3.04-3.00(m, 1H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.04- 2.01(m, 2H), 2.00- 1.88(m, 2H), 1.80- 1.63(m, 2H), 1.59- 1.44(m, 2H)  11 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-nitro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.27- 8.24(m, 1H), 7.55- 7.52(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.37(m, 1H), 7.22- 7.00(m, 3H), 7.01- 6.97(m, 1H), 4.14- 4.05(m, 2H), 3.37- 3.35(m, 1H), 2.50(s, 3H), 2.10-2.04(m, 2H), 1.93-1.88(m, 2H), 1.81-1.77(m, 2H), 1.66-1.62(m, 2H)  12 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3-trifluoromethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 7.92(m, 1H), 7.73- 7.46(m, 3H), 7.44- 7.31(m, 1H), 7.31- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.55- 6.34(bs, 1H), 4.26- 4.02(m, 2H), 3.20- 3.00(m, 1H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.25-1.88(m, 4H) 1.86-1.40(m, 4H)  13 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-trifluoromethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.04(s, 1H), 7.72(d, 2H, J = 8.0), 7.48(d, 2H, J = 8.4), 7.41- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.13(m, 2H), 6.41(s, 1H), 4.18-4.14(m, 2H), 3.06-3.01(s, 1H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.18- 2.04(m, 2H), 2.02- 1.87(m, 2H), 1.77- 1.68(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.43(m, 2H)  14 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl ((3′-fluoro-4′-methyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.39- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.30- 7.14(m, 2H), 7.14- 7.07(m, 1H), 7.06- 6.95(m, 2H), 6.64- 6.54(bs, 1H), 4.26- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.30- 3.09(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.30-2.14(m, 2H), 2.13- 1.92(m, 2H), 1.92- 1.46(m, 4H)  15 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10(s, 1H), 7.38- 7.33(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.17(m, 3H), 7.15- 7.09(m, 1H), 6.66(s, 1H), 4.19-4.16(m, 2H), 3.21-3.01(s, 1H), 2.41(s, 3H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.23-2.12(m, 2H), 2.10-1.91(m, 2H), 1.83-1.63(m, 2H), 1.60-1.43(m, 2H)  16 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-ethoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10(s, 1H), 7.37- 7.31(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.18(m, 2H), 7.11- 7.08(m, 1H), 7.00- 6.86(m, 2H), 6.70(s, 1H), 4.17-4.01(m, 4H), 3.18-3.15(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.23- 2.16(m, 2H), 2.08- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.81- 1.71(m, 2H), 1.63- 1.41(m, 2H), 1.40- 1.38(m, 3H)  17 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(s, 1H), 7.41- 7.36(m, 2H), 7.32(s, 1H), 7.22-7.20(m, 1H), 7.07-7.02(m, 1H), 6.92-6.89(m, 1H), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.13(m, 2H), 3.04- 3.00(m, 1H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.15-2.03(m, 2H), 2.00-1.87(m, 2H), 1.80-1.64(m, 2H), 1.56-1.40(m, 2H)  18 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.86(s, 1H), 7.44- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.26- 7.22(m, 1H), 7.17- 7.08(m, 1H), 7.06- 7.02(m, 1H), 7.01- 6.91(m, 2H), 6.75(s, 1H), 4.15-4.06(m, 2H), 3.30-3.27(m, 1H), 2.47(s, 3H), 2.10- 1.93(m, 2H), 1.87- 1.73(m, 2H), 1.70- 1.54(m, 2H)  19 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.32- 7.26(m, 1H), 7.24- 7.21(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.13(m, 2H), 7.07- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.92- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.16-4.10(m, 2H), 3.20-3.17(m, 1H), 2.26(s, 3H), 2.17- 2.15(m, 2H), 2.07- 1.96(m, 2H), 1.83- 1.72(m, 2H), 1.69- 1.65(m, 2H)  20 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82- 7.66(bs, 1H), 7.12- 6.75(m, 5H), 4.27- 3.99(m, 2H), 3.51- 3.30(bs, 1H), 2.75- 2.34(m, 5H), 2.20- 1.55(m, 6H)  21 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(s, 1H), 7.50- 7.39(m, 3H), 7.34- 7.27(m, 2H), 7.06- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.98- 6.92(m, 1H), 6.45(s, 1H), 4.17-4.07(m, 2H), 3.05-3.01(m, 1H), 2.27(s, 3H), 2.22- 2.02(m, 2H), 2.01- 1.80(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.61(m, 2H), 1.58- 1.40(m, 2H)  22 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.36- 7.32(m, 1H), 7.27- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.13- 7.11(m, 1H), 7.05- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.96- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.51(s, 1H), 4.16-4.09(m , 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.18-2.07(m, 2H), 2.05-1.88(m, 2H), 1.81-1.62(m, 2H), 1.58-1.44(m, 2H)  23 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.48- 7.45(m, 2H), 7.42- 7.40(m, 1H), 7.32- 7.30(m, 2H), 7.15- 7.11(m, 1H), 6.82- 6.79(m, 1H), 6.66(s, 1H), 4.18-4.14(m, 2H), 3.06-3.04(m, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.15- 2.00(m, 2H), 1.99- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.69- 1.58(m, 2H), 1.56- 1.48(m, 2H)  24 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,4-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.48- 7.44(m, 1H), 7.28- 7.17(m, 2H), 7.15- 7.11(m, 1H), 7.05- 6.97(m, 1H), 6.86- 6.80(m, 1H), 6.68(s, 1H), 4.19-4.13(m, 2H), 3.31-3.28(m, 1H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.19- 2.07(m, 2H), 1.95- 1.88(m, 2H), 1.85- 1.70(m, 2H), 1.67- 1.54(m, 2H)  25 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.80(s, 1H), 7.44- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.34- 7.29(m, 3H), 7.09- 7.07(m, 1H), 6.68- 6.64(m, 2H), 4.20- 4.14(m, 2H), 3.82(s, 3H), 3.04-3.00(m, 1H), 2.26(s, 3H), 2.14- 2.00(m, 2H), 2.13- 1.87(m, 2H), 1.79- 1.59(m, 2H), 1.56-1.40 (m, 2H)  26 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.42(m, 2H), 7.38-7.29(m, 2H), 7.22-7.18(m, 1H), 7.02(s, 1H), 6.54(s, 1H), 4.18-4.10(m, 2H), 3.21-3.10(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.22-2.16(m, 2H), 2.12-1.91(m, 2H), 1.81-1.68(m, 2H), 1.65-1.48(m, 2H)  27 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-fluoro-5-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.38(m, 2H), 7.20-7.15(m, 1H), 7.13-7.09(m, 1H), 7.07-6.97(m, 2H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.30- 3.23(m, 1H), 2.49(s, 3H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.15-2.05(m, 2H), 1.93-1.90(m, 2H), 1.79-1.76(m, 2H), 1.63-1.61(m, 2H)  28 2-(-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-cyano[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.06- 7.93(m, 1H), 7.75(d, 8.4Hz, 2H), 7.49(d, J = 8.0, 2H), 7.44- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.09(m, 2H), 6.42- 6.38(bs, 1H), 4.22- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.10 2.98(m, 1H), 2.29(s, 3H), 2.19-1.85(m, 3H) 1.85-1.39(m, 5H)  29 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-(3-hydroxypropyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.28(m, 3H), 7.23- 7.11(m, 3H), 7.05- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.67(s, 1H), 4.23-4.14(m, 2H), 3.66-3.60(m, 2H), 3.17-3.03(m, 1H), 2.75-2.71(m, 2H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.05-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.83(m, 2H), 1.81-1.69(m, 2H), 1.61-1.46(m, 2H)  30 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-(dimethylamino)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11(s, 1H), 7.28(t, 1H, J = 7.2), 7.23- 7.19(m, 2H), 7.19- 7.17(m, 1H), 7.07(t, 1H, J = 7.6), 6.81(t, 2H, J = 2.8), 6.74(s, 1H), 4.18-4.14(m, 2H), 3.09-3.01(m, 1H), 3.00(s, 9H), 2.14(s, 3H), 2.12-2.06(m, 2H), 2.01-1.92(m, 2H), 1.79-1.66(m, 2H), 1.58-1.46(m, 2H)  31 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-(tert-butyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.04(s, 1H), 7.48- 7.46(m, 2H), 7.35- 7.27(m, 3H), 7.24- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.12- 7.08(m, 1H), 6.67(s, 1H), 4.17-4.13(m, 2H), 3.10-3.07(m, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.18- 1.99(m, 2H), 1.98- 1.90(m, 2H), 1.80- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.44- 1.36(m, 2H), 1.36(s, 9H)  32 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (2′-amino[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11(s, 1H), 7.37(t, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.22- 7.20(m, 2H), 7.13(t, 1H, J = 7.6), 7.06(d, 1H, J = 7.6), 6.86- 6.78(m, 2H), 4.15- 4.11(m, 2H), 3.08- 3.04(s, 1H), 2.25(s, 3H), 2.17-2.10(m, 2H), 2.02-1.90(m, 2H), 1.78-1.66(m, 2H), 1.58-1.46(m, 2H)  33 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-amino[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.83(s, 1H), 7.29- 7.15(m, 3H), 7.06- 7.00(m, 2H), 6.80- 6.77(m, 2H), 4.14- 4.10(m, 2H), 3.30(s, 3H), 3.20-3.15(m, 1H), 2.45-2.43(m, 2H), 2.10-2.00(m, 2H), 1.84-1.81(m, 2H), 1.62-1.47(m, 2H)  34 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (2′-fluoro[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96(s, 1H), 7.42- 7.36(m, 3H), 7.31- 7.14(m, 3H), 6.99- 6.97(m, 1H), 6.45(s, 1H), 4.15-4.08(m, 2H), 3.26-3.22(s, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.35- 2.25(m, 2H), 2.09- 1.96(m, 2H), 1.88- 1.64(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.53(m, 2H)  35 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (2′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.51- 7.48(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.34(m, 2H), 7.28- 7.13(m, 3H), 6.96- 6.93(m, 1H), 6.26(s, 1H), 4.18-4.05(m, 2H), 3.22-3.20(s, 1H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.35- 2.28(m, 2H), 2.07- 1.93(m, 2H), 1.84- 1.63(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.52(m, 2H)  36 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (2′-hydroxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.31- 7.12(m, 4H), 7.05- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.96- 6.90(m, 1H), 4.21- 4.09(m, 2H), 3.21- 3.14(s, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.36-2.26(m, 2H), 2.13-1.96(m, 2H) 1.84-1.66(m, 2H), 1.64-1.53(m, 2H)  37 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-tert-butyl-5′- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11(s, 1H), 7.35- 7.27(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.18(s, 1H), 7.13-7.09(m, 1H), 6.99(s, 1H), 6.74(s, 1H), 4.17-4.12(m, 2H), 3.12-3.09(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.23-2.11(m, 2H), 2.01-1.98(m, 2H), 1.79-1.66(m, 2H), 1.58-1.46(m, 2H), 1.32(m, 9H)  38 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-fluoro-3′- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.99(s, 1H), 7.60- 7.58(m, 1H), 7.56- 7.53(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.32- 7.27(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.14(m, 2H), 6.37(s, 1H), 4.18-4.13(m, 2H), 3.14-3.12(m, 1H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.34- 2.21(m, 2H), 2.06- 1.93(m, 2H), 1.76- 1.68(m, 2H), 1.64- 1.46(m, 2H)  39 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(4′-amino-3′-chloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.04(s, 1H), 7.30(t, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.15- 7.12(m, 2H), 7.07- 7.03(m, 2H), 6.82(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 6.59(s, 1H), 4.18-4.09(m, 2H), 3.08-3.04(m, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.25-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.91(m, 2H), 1.81-1.57(m, 2H), 1.56-1.43(m, 2H)  40 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-hydroxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.84(s, 1H), 7.31- 7.18(m, 3H), 7.06- 7.02(m, 2H), 6.82- 6.79(m, 2H), 4.11- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.30(s, 3H), 3.21-3.18(m, 1H), 2.45-2.43(m, 2H), 2.08-2.01(m, 2H), 1.84-1.82(m, 2H), 1.61-1.45(m, 2H)  41 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.06- 7.93(bs, 1H), 7.38- 7.34(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.19(m, 3H), 7.17- 7.10(m, 2H), 6.51- 6.44(bs, 1H), 4.20- 4.12(m, 2H), 3.16- 3.07(bs, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.25-2.13(m, 2H), 2.07-1.92(m, 2H), 1.84-1.65(m, 2H), 1.65-1.46(m, 2H)  42 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,4′,5-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(s, 1H), 7.29- 7.28(m, 1H), 7.17- 7.14(m, 1H), 7.08- 7.03(m, 2H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.33(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.13(m, 2H), 3.05- 3.03(m, 1H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.08-2.03(m, 2H), 2.02-1.89(m, 2H), 1.79-1.63(m, 2H), 1.60-1.42(m, 2H)  43 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,4′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(s, 1H), 7.54(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 7.44(d, 1H, J = 2.0), 7.19(dd, 1H, J = 8.4, J = 2.0), 7.09-7.05(m, 1H), 6.91(dd, 1H, J = 8.4, J = 2.8), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.20-4.14(m, 2H), 3.17-3.16(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.07- 1.96(m, 2H), 1.83- 1.80(m, 2H), 1.77- 1.71(m, 2H), 1.58- 1.54(m, 2H)  44 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-ethyl-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.38(t, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.25- 7.23(m, 1H), 7.16- 7.13(m, 2H), 7.05- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.95- 6.92(m, 1H), 6.53(s, 1H), 4.17-4.12(m, 2H), 3.05-3.03(m, 1H), 2.68(q, 2H, J = 7.6), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.16- 2.02(m, 2H), 2.00- 1.88(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.59- 1.41(m, 2H), 1.25(t, 3H, J = 7.6)  45 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′- dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.03- 6.98(m, 2H), 6.93- 6.89(m, 2H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.20-4.14(m, 2H), 3.03-3.01(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 6H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.09-2.04(m, 2H), 2.03-1.90(m, 2H), 1.79-1.63(m, 2H), 1.59-1.44(m, 2H)  46 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-amino-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02(s, 1H), 7.25- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.03- 6.99(m, 1H), 6.92- 6.89(m, 1H), 6.71- 6.67(m, 2H), 6.60(s, 2H), 4.16-4.12(m, 2H), 3.04-3.01(m, 1H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.02- 1.97(m, 2H), 1.96- 1.89(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.63(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.41(m, 2H)  47 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-(trifluoromethyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.29(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.59(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.52-7.49(m, 2H), 7.46-7.44(m, 2H), 7.36-7.34(m, 2H), 6.78(s, 1H), 4.19- 4.16(m, 2H), 3.12- 3.10(m, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.17-2.05(m, 2H), 2.03-1.93(m, 2H), 1.78-1.64(m, 2H), 1.53-1.51(m, 2H)  48 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.27(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 7.59(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.41(d, 1H, J = 1.2), 7.34-7.31(m, 2H), 7.22-7.18(m, 2H), 6.70(s, 1H), 4.22- 4.16(m, 2H), 3.26- 3.24(m, 1H), 2.41(s, 3H), 2.35-2.29(m, 2H), 2.13-1.98(m, 2H), 1.88-1.77(m, 2H), 1.62-1.59(m, 2H)  49 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-fluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.29(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.61(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.51-7.45(m, 1H), 7.43(s, 1H), 7.18- 7.13(m, 2H), 7.08- 7.06(m, 1H), 6.71(s, 1H), 4.21-4.17(m, 2H), 3.12-3.10(m, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.19- 2.15(m, 2H), 2.07- 1.92(m, 2H), 1.74- 1.71(m, 2H), 1.53- 1.50(m, 2H)  50 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.26(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.62(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.43(s, 1H), 6.93- 6.89(m, 3H), 6.78(s, 1H), 4.24-4.19(m, 2H), 3.28-3.21(m, 1H), 2.45(s, 3H), 2.15- 2.04(m, 2H), 1.89- 1.87(m, 2H), 1.82- 1.80(m, 2H), 1.67- 1.63(m, 2H)  51 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.27(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 7.61(d, 1H, J = 8.8), 7.47-7.43(m, 3H), 7.35(s, 1H), 7.25- 7.23(m, 1H), 6.75(s, 1H), 4.23-4.17(m, 2H), 3.34-3.32(m, 1H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.11- 2.05(m, 2H), 2.02- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.90- 1.83(m, 2H), 1.83- 1.80(m, 2H)  52 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-5,5′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.91(s, 1H), 7.22- 7.20(m, 1H), 7.15- 7.13(m, 1H), 7.10- 7.05(m, 1H), 6.99- 6.97(m, 1H), 6.92(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.44(s, 1H), 4.21- 4.14(m, 2H), 3.22- 3.19(m, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.32-2.28(m, 2H), 2.10-2.02(m, 2H), 1.86-1.59(m, 2H), 1.26-1.22(m, 2H)  53 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-4′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.91(s, 1H), 7.39(dd, 1H, J = 7.2, J = 2.0), 7.23-7.19(m, 2H), 7.08-7.04(m, 1H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.4, J = 2.8), 6.37(s, 1H), 4.18-4.13(m, 2H), 3.14-3.10(m, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.23- 2.16(m, 2H), 2.06- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.82- 1.65(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.51(m, 2H)  54 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (4′-chloro-3′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.81(s, 1H), 7.47- 7.43(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.11(m, 2H), 7.11- 6.95(m, 1H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 3.2), 6.62(s, 1H), 4.14- 4.04(m, 2H), 3.21- 3.16(m, 1H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.04-1.95(m, 2H), 1.84-1.69(m, 2H), 1.67-1.61(m, 1H), 1.57-1.48(m, 2H)  55 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.90(s, 1H), 7.41- 7.40(m, 1H), 7.25- 7.22(m, 2H), 7.10- 7.05(m, 1H), 6.91(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.20- 4.16(m, 2H), 3.16- 3.12(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.23-2.21(m, 2H), 2.09-1.94(m, 2H), 1.80-1.64(m, 2H), 1.56-1.52(m, 2H)  56 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-4′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.81(s, 1H), 7.31- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.18(m, 1H), 7.09- 7.04(m, 1H), 6.91- 6.62(m, 1H), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.20-4.11(m, 2H), 3.26-3.22(m, 1H), 2.42-2.30(m, 4H), 2.11-1.93(m, 2H), 1.88-1.63(m, 2H), 1.61-1.54(m, 2H)  57 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′- hydroxy[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.83(s, 1H), 7.03- 6.95(m, 1H), 6.91- 6.88(m, 1H), 6.80(s, 1H), 6.73-6.66(m, 2H), 4.12-4.07(m, 2H), 3.21-3.17(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.24(m, 2H), 1.82- 1.65(m, 2H), 1.62- 1.55(m, 2H), 1.25- 1.21(m, 2H)  58 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-4′- hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.83(s, 1H), 7.25- 7.20(m, 1H), 7.05- 6.92(m, 3H), 6.88(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.57(s, 1H), 4.14- 4.06(m, 2H), 3.22- 3.17(m, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.39-2.29(m, 2H), 2.10-1.97(m, 2H), 1.86-1.66(m, 2H), 1.65-1.54(m, 2H)  59 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl (5-fluoro-3′,4′- dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.99(s, 1H), 7.22- 7.20(m, 1H), 7.08- 6.97(m, 3H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 9.2, J = 2.8), 6.57(s, 1H), 4.15- 4.13(m, 2H), 3.16- 3.12(m, 1H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.29(s, 6H), 2.02-2.17(m, 2H), 2.00-1.89(m, 2H), 1.76-1.55(m, 2H), 1.53-1.42(m, 2H)  60 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(5-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.93(s, 1H), 7.46- 7.40(m, 2H), 7.39- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.35- 7.33(m, 2H), 6.89(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.77(d, 1H, J = 2.8), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.15- 4.10(m, 2H), 3.86(s, 3H), 3.14-3.11(m, 1H), 2.35(m, 3H), 2.26- 2.16(m, 2H), 2.06- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.82- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.45(m, 2H)  61 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′-fluoro-5-methoxy- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.42- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.14- 7.10(m, 1H), 7.07- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 3.2), 6.75(d, 1H, J = 3.2), 6.37(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.13(m, 2H), 3.79(s, 3H), 3.21-3.18(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.26(m, 2H), 2.09- 1.99(m, 2H), 1.74- 1.70(m, 2H), 1.56- 1.53(m, 2H)  62 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.72(s, 1H), 7.28- 7.26(m, 1H), 6.92- 6.79(m, 3H), 6.74- 6.73(m, 1H), 6.29(s, 1H), 4.15-4.10(m, 2H), 3.75(s, 3H), 3.15- 3.10(m, 1H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.27-2.25(m, 2H), 2.06-1.96(m, 2H), 1.78-1.69(m, 2H), 1.63-1.50(m, 2H)  63 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′-chloro-5-methoxy- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.38- 7.34(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 9.2, J = 2.8), 6.74(d, 1H, J = 2.8), 6.28(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.12(m, 2H), 3.78(s, 3H), 3.16-3.14(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.23- 2.18(m, 2H), 2.21- 1.93(m, 2H), 1.79- 1.64(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.50(m, 2H)  64 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.35(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.20(m, 2H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.72-6.72(m, 1H), 6.58(s, 1H), 4.16- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.75(s, 3H), 3.28-3.26(m, 1H), 2.43(s, 3H), 2.40- 2.38(m, 2H), 2.08- 2.02(m, 2H), 1.85- 1.72(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.57(m, 2H)  65 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.70(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.38(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.19(m, 2H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.8), 6.72-6.71(m, 1H), 6.21(s, 1H), 4.15- 4.09(m, 2H), 3.76(s, 3H), 3.13-3.11(m, 1H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.23(m, 2H), 2.02- 1.97(m, 2H), 1.79- 1.71(m, 2H), 1.62- 1.56(m, 2H)  66 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(5-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.04(s, 1H), 7.48- 7.45(m, 2H), 7.43- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.32- 7.28(m, 3H), 7.23- 7.18(m, 1H), 6.56(s, 1H), 4.16-4.12(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.12- 1.96(m, 2H), 1.94- 1.87(m, 2H), 1.76- 1.64(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.44(m, 2H)  67 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(5-chloro-3′-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03(s, 1H), 7.44(q, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.31(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.4), 7.14-7.10(m, 2H), 7.05-7.03(m, 1H), 6.49(s, 1H), 4.17- 4.13(m, 2H), 3.03- 3.01(m, 2H), 2.29(s, 3H), 2.13-1.98(m, 2H), 1.97-1.88(m, 2H), 1.77-1.64(m, 2H), 1.59-1.42(m, 2H)  68 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(5-chloro-4′-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02(s, 1H), 7.31- 7.28(m, 3H), 7.18- 7.14(m, 3H), 6.44(s, 1H), 4.17-4.13(m, 2H), 3.04-3.01(m, 1H), 2.28(s, 3H), 2.10- 2.00(m, 2H), 1.98- 1.87(m, 2H), 1.78- 1.65(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.44(m, 2H)  69 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(5-chloro-3′,5′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.99(s, 1H), 7.34- 7.31(m, 2H), 7.17- 7.16(m, 1H), 6.88- 6.84(m, 2H), 6.51(s, 1H), 4.18-4.10(m, 2H), 3.16-3.13(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.32- 2.29(m, 2H), 2.08- 1.96(m, 2H), 1.82- 1.61(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.49(m, 2H)  70 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01(s, 1H), 7.43- 7.38(m, 2H), 7.32- 7.30(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 1H), 7.17(d, 1H, J = 2.4), 6.47(s, 1H), 4.18-4.13(m, 2H), 3.06-3.04(m, 1H), 2.25(s, 3H), 2.19- 2.06(m, 2H), 2.05- 1.90(m, 2H), 1.80- 1.59(m, 2H), 1.58- 1.44(m, 2H)  71 2-(1-(Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5,5′-trichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(s, 1H), 7.41(s, 1H), 7.33(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.4), 7.23- 7.22(m, 2H), 7.15(d, 1H, J = 2.4), 6.39(s, 1H), 4.19-4.14(m, 2H), 3.09-3.05(m, 1H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.19- 2.07(m, 2H), 2.04- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.77- 1.61(m, 2H), 1.59- 1.43(m, 2H)  72 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-5′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.99(s, 1H), 7.33(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.4), 7.21-7.13(m, 3H), 6.96(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, J = 2.4), 6.46(s, 1H), 4.20-4.12(m, 2H), 3.11-3.07(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.20- 2.14(m, 2H), 2.06- 1.91(m, 2H), 1.79- 1.62(m, 2H), 1.60- 1.45(m, 2H)  73 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5-dichloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.37(m, 1H), 7.32- 7.26(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.19(d, 1H, J = 2.8), 6.41(s, 1H), 4.17-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.06-3.03(m, 1H), 2.26(s, 3H), 2.39- 2.10(m, 2H), 2.03- 1.89(m, 2H), 1.80- 1.59(m, 2H), 1.57- 1.43(m, 2H)  74 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-4′- formyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00- 7.93(m, 2H), 7.41- 7.37(t, 1H, J = 15.2), 7.29-7.27(d, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.23-7.15(m, 3H), 6.51(s, 1H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 2.60-2.56(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.49-2.45(m, 3H), 2.29-2.24(m, 4H), 1.96-1.91(m, 1H), 1.48-1.43(m, 1H)  75 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5- hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.19- 7.17(m, 1H), 6.92- 6.90(m, 2H), 6.85- 6.76(m, 2H), 6.72- 6.71(m, 1H), 4.10- 4.02(m, 2H), 3.70- 3.61(m, 1H), 3.16- 3.10(m, 2H), 2.83(s, 3H), 2.27-2.13(m, 2H), 2.13-2.02(m, 2H), 1.77-1.72(m, 2H)  76 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5- hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.33- 7.32(m, 1H), 7.27- 7.23(m, 1H), 7.17- 7.15(m, 1H), 7.05- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.82- 6.79(m, 1H), 6.72- 6.71(m, 1H), 4.11- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.50- 3.47(m, 1H), 3.04- 3.01(m, 2H), 2.70(s, 3H), 2.20-2.16(m, 2H), 1.95-1.90(m, 2H), 1.75-1.70(m, 2H)  77 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5- hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.44- 7.42(m, 1H), 7.27- 7.22(m, 2H), 7.16- 7.14(m, 1H), 6.77- 6.75(m, 1H), 6.70- 6.69(m, 1H), 4.08- 4.02(m, 2H), 3.64- 3.57(m, 1H), 3.13- 3.09(m, 2H), 2.86(s, 3H), 2.27-2.22(m, 2H), 1.97-1.93(m, 2H), 1.75-1.70(m, 2H)  78 (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.17- 7.98(bs, 1H), 7.60- 7.29(m, 6H), 7.26- 7.06(m, 2H), 6.78- 6.61(bs, 1H), 4.17- 3.94(m, 2H), 3.09- 2.81(m, 3H), 2.75- 2.59(m, 1H), 2.56- 2.33(m, 2H), 1.98- 1.80(m, 1H), 1.54- 1.35(m, 1H)  79 (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.07- 7.89(bs, 1H), 7.58- 7.32(m, 6H), 7.32- 7.13(m, 2H), 7.01- 6.85(bs, 1H), 4.28- 3.98(m, 3H), 3.47- 3.17(m, 3H), 3.13- 2.95(m, 1H), 2.80- 2.62(m, 1H), 2.25- 2.08(m, 1H), 1.89- 1.70(m, 1H)  80 (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- (3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 7.93(bs, 1H), 7.45- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.79(m, 3H), 6.67- 6.51(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.90(m, 2H), 3.11- 2.76(m, 3H), 2.71- 2.53(m, 8H), 2.48- 2.29(m, 1H), 2.02- 2.72(m, 2H), 1.49- 1.29(m, 1H)  81 (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 7.89(m, 1H), 7.49- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.22- 7.04(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.75(m, 3H), 6.68- 6.50(bs, 1H), 4.19- 3.85(m, 2H), 3.12- 2.75(m, 3H), 2.72- 2.52(bs, 1H), 2.52- 2.27(m, 1H), 2.07- 1.72(m, 2H), 1.50- 1.31(m, 1H)  82 (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.81(s, 1H), 7.45- 7.36(m, 3H), 7.33- 7.26(m, 2H), 7.06- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.97- 6.94(m, 1H), 4.12- 4.06(m, 2H), 3.35- 3.27(m, 1H), 3.23- 3.16(m, 1H), 3.05- 3.02(m, 1H), 2.69- 2.65(m, 1H), 2.17- 2.12(m, 1H), 1.82- 1.78(m, 2H)  83 (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5- fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.35- 7.31(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.18(m, 1H), 7.18- 7.14(m, 1H), 7.13- 7.11(m, 1H), 7.07- 6.98(m, 1H), 6.95- 6.92(m, 1H), 4.13- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.38- 3.33(m, 2H), 3.25- 3.22(m, 1H), 3.09- 3.05(m, 1H), 2.69- 2.65(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.15-2.13(m, 1H), 1.80-1.76(m, 1H)  84 (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98- 7.79(bs, 1H), 7.14- 7.00(m, 1H), 7.00- 6.78(m, 4H), 6.61- 6.45(bs, 1H), 4.18- 3.90(m, 2H), 3.13- 2.80(m, 3H), 2.70- 2.57(m, 1H), 2.51- 2.21(m, 2H), 1.94- 1.80(m, 1H), 1.49- 1.35(m, 1H)  85 (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl- (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96- 7.77(bs, 1H), 7.13- 6.99(m, 1H), 6.99- 6.76(m, 4H), 6.68- 6.50(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.92(m, 2H), 3.16- 2.90(bs, 3H), 2.90- 2.30(m, 3H), 1.99- 1.81(m, 1H), 1.53- 1.35(m, 1H)  86 (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(5- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.40(m, 2H), 7.37-7.31(m, 2H), 7.20-7.13(m, 2H), 7.04(s, 1H), 6.85(s, 1H), 4.13-4.04(m, 2H), 2.78-2.62(m, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.16- 2.09(m, 2H), 2.03(s, 1H), 1.79-1.70(m, 2H)  87 (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′- fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.38(m, 1H), 7.17-7.08(m, 2H), 7.04-7.02(m, 2H), 7.01(s, 1H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 2.47-2.33(m, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 1.94- 1.80(m, 2H), 1.51- 1.40(m, 2H)  88 (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl(4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.94(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.23(m, 3H), 7.20- 7.02(m, 4H), 6.75- 6.57(bs, 1H), 4.23- 4.04(m, 1H), 4.02- 3.85(m, 1H), 3.47- 3.30(m, 1H), 3.02- 2.81(m, 2H), 2.57- 2.25(bs, 1H), 1.95- 1.59(m, 3H), 1.50- 1.32(m, 1H)  89 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.94(bs, 1H), 7.55- 7.27(m, 6H), 7.26- 7.03(m, 2H), 6.77- 6.59(bs, 1H), 4.18- 3.94(m, 2H), 3.00- 2.57(m, 4H), 2.54- 2.49(m, 1H), 2.47(s, 3H), 2.10-1.98(m, 1H) 1.67-1.55(m, 1H)  90 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.09- 7.94(bs, 1H), 7.56- 7.31(m, 6H), 7.30- 7.12(m, 2H), 6.86- 6.72(bs, 1H), 4.19- 4.02(m, 1H), 3.41- 3.05(m, 3H), 2.97- 2.77(m, 2H), 2.74(s, 3H), 2.29-2.15(m, 1H), 1.89-1.74(m, 1H)  91 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.08- 7.95(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.79(m, 3H), 6.59- 6.48(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.69- 2.43(m, 3H), 2.40- 2.14(m, 5H), 2.05- 1.90(m, 1H), 1.57- 1.42(m, 1H)  92 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro- [1,1′-carbamate]-2-yl)- carbamate   1

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.08- 7.95(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.79(m, 3H), 6.59- 6.48(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.69- 2.43(m, 3H), 2.40- 2.14(m, 5H), 2.05- 1.90(m, 1H), 1.57- 1.42(m, 1H)  93 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(s, 1H), 7.49- 7.39(m, 3H), 7.34- 7.32(m, 2H), 7.06- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.94- 6.91(m, 1H), 6.49(s, 1H), 4.08-3.96(m, 2H), 2.61-2.57(m, 1H), 2.53-2.44(m, 3H), 2.30(s, 3H), 2.27- 2.22(m, 1H), 1.98- 1.89(m, 1H), 1.49- 1.41(m, 1H)  94 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.37- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.30- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.13- 7.11(m, 1H), 7.04- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.95- 6.91(m, 1H), 6.58(s, 1H), 4.08-3.98(m, 2H), 2.71-2.66(m, 1H), 2.59-2.46(m, 3H), 2.46-2.33(m, 7H), 2.01-1.97(m, 1H), 1.55-1.48(m, 1H)  95 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97- 7.81(bs, 1H), 7.13- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.99- 6.78(m, 4H), 6.57- 6.41(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.94(m, 2H), 2.70- 2.42(m, 4H), 2.05- 2.88(m, 1H), 1.58- 1.41(m, 4H)  96 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97- 7.78(bs, 1H), 7.14- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.99- 6.78(m, 4H), 6.63- 6.45(bs, 1H), 4.14- 3.93(m, 2H), 2.71- 2.42(m, 4H), 2.40- 2.23(bs, 4H), 2.05- 1.88(m, 1H), 1.59- 1.41(m, 1H)  97 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.43(m, 2H), 7.39-7.31(m, 2H), 7.22-7.13(m, 2H), 7.02(s, 1H), 6.63(s, 1H), 4.09-4.01(m, 2H), 2.67-2.58(s, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.11-2.01(m, 2H), 1.65-1.58(m, 2H)  98 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.38(m, 1H), 7.17-7.10(m, 2H), 7.09-7.05(m, 2H), 7.01(s, 1H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.09-3.98(m, 2H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.61-2.40(m, 3H), 2.15-1.97(m, 2H), 1.56-1.51(m, 2H)  99 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.96(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.23(m, 3H), 7.20- 7.02(m, 4H), 6.62- 6.45(bs, 1H), 4.24- 3.97(m, 2H), 3.10- 2.96(m, 1H), 2.50- 2.27(m, 4H), 2.27- 2.13(m, 1H) 1.96- 1.80(m, 1H), 1.80- 1.51(m, 3H) 100 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.96(bs, 1H), 7.41- 7.30(m, 2H), 7.30- 7.03(m, 5H), 6.71- 6.59(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.72- 2.59(m, 1H), 2.59- 2.43(m, 3H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.14-2.22(m, 4H), 2.06-1.87(m, 1H), 1.55-1.42(m, 1H) 101 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.15- 7.99(bs, 1H), 7.46- 7.29(m, 2H), 7.28- 7.02(m, 5H), 6.74- 6.58(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.93(m, 2H), 2.70- 2.43(m, 4H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.15-2.17(m, 1H) 2.03- 1.86(m, 1H), 1.57- 1.40(m, 1H) 102 (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)- methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.96(bs, 1H), 7.54- 7.26(m, 6H), 7.25- 7.02(m, 2H), 6.72- 6.55(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.92(m, 2H), 2.91- 2.69(m, 1H), 2.69- 2.35(m, 5H), 2.33- 2.17(m, 1H), 2.04- 1.87(m, 1H) 1.60- 1.42(m, 1H), 1.00(t, 3H, J = 7.2) 103 (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)- methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.15- 7.97(bs, 1H), 7.55- 7.27(m, 6H), 7.24- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.72- 6.59(bs, 1H), 4.14- 3.94(m, 2H), 2.92- 2.71(bs, 1H), 2.71- 2.39(m, 5H), 2.38- 2.22(m, 1H), 2.04- 1.86(m, 1H), 1.59- 1.44(m, 1H), 1.11(t, 3H, J = 7.2) 104 (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)- methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 8.00(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.27(m, 2H), 7.25- 7.03(m, 5H), 6.69- 6.59(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.80- 2.68(m, 1H), 2.68- 2.32(m, 9H), 2.30- 2.17(m, 1H), 2.03- 1.89(m, 1H), 1.58- 1.41(m, 1H), 1.18- 1.04(t, 3H, J = 7.6) 105 (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)- methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.43- 7.27(m, 2H), 7.27- 7.02(m, 5H), 6.72- 6.58(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.94(m, 2H), 2.89- 2.66(m, 1H), 2.66- 2.15(m, 9H), 2.06- 1.87(m, 1H), 1.57- 1.40(m, 1H), 1.09(t, 3H, J = 7.6) 106 (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.15- 8.01(m, 1H), 7.54- 7.26(m, 6H), 7.22- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.72- 6.58(bs, 1H), 4.22- 4.07(m, 1H), 4.07- 3.93(m, 1H), 3.21- 3.02(m, 1H), 2.92- 2.59(m, 2H), 2.41- 2.12(m, 2H), 1.95- 1.50(m, 5H), 1.08(t, 3H, J = 7.2) 107 (S)-(1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.18- 8.02(m, 1H), 7.53- 7.27(m, 6H), 7.22- 7.03(m, 2H), 6.69- 6.54(bs, 1H), 4.18- 3.83(m, 2H), 3.15- 2.95(bs, 1H), 2.71- 2.53(bs, 1H), 2.48- 2.30(m, 1H), 2.23- 2.02(m, 2H), 1.92- 1.45(m, 5H), 0.84(t, 6H, J = 6.8) 108 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.85(s, 1H), 7.46- 7.41(m, 1H), 7.15- 7.03(m, 4H), 6.96- 6.93(m, 1H), 4.11- 4.03(m, 2H), 2.92- 2.90(m, 1H), 2.82- 2.68(m, 2H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.12-2.10(m, 2H), 1.71-1.69(m, 2H) 109 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.18- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.49- 7.27(m, 6H), 7.22- 7.15(m, 1H), 7.15- 7.06(m, 1H), 6.72- 6.60(bs, 1H), 4.24- 3.98(m, 2H), 3.10- 2.95(m, 1H), 2.52- 2.40(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H) 2.26-2.12(m, 1H), 1.97-1.50(m, 4H) 110 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.18- 7.97(bs, 1H), 7.41- 7.28(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.01(m, 5H), 6.78- 6.62(bs, 1H), 4.12- 3.97(m, 2H), 3.05- 2.90(m, 1H), 2.52- 2.11(m, 8H), 1.95- 1.47(m, 4H) 111 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00(s, 1H), 7.34- 7.31(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.12- 7.06(m, 2H), 7.04- 6.99(m, 1H), 6.92- 6.89(m, 1H), 6.59(s, 1H), 4.18-4.04(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.22-2.15(m, 2H), 1.92-1.76(m, 2H), 1.68-1.54(m, 2H) 112 (S)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.15- 8.01(m, 1H), 7.51- 7.27(m, 6H), 7.21- 7.06(m, 2H), 6.69- 6.56(bs, 1H), 4.12- 4.00(m, 1H), 3.87- 3.76(m, 1H), 3.04- 2.78(m, 3H), 2.53- 2.40(m, 1H), 1.80- 1.62(m, 4H), 1.08(d, 3H, J = 6.4), 0.99(d, 3H, J = 6.4) 113 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.13- 7.98(m, 1H), 7.50- 7.31(m, 2H), 7.21- 7.00(m, 5H), 6.62- 6.49(bs, 1H), 4.14- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.75- 2.42(m, 4H), 2.42- 2.22(m, 4H), 2.03- 1.87(m, 1H), 1.58- 1.42(m, 1H) 114 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 7.97(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.27(m, 3H), 7.01- 7.03(m, 4H), 6.57- 6.42(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.92(m, 2H), 2.70- 2.41(m, 4H), 2.41- 2.20(m, 4H), 2.06- 1.94(m, 1H), 1.56- 1.41(m, 1H) 115 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,4′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.02- 8.01(s, 1H), 7.38- 7.06(m, 5H), 6.47(s, 1H), 4.09-3.98(m, 2H), 2.62-2.58(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.55-2.46(m, 3H), 2.37-2.25(m, 4H), 2.04-1.91(m, 2H), 1.51-1.43(m, 1H) 116 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.12- 7.98(bs, 1H), 7.50- 7.31(m, 2H), 7.24- 7.02(m, 5H), 6.70- 6.54(bs, 1H), 4.16- 3.97(m, 2H), 2.77- 2.65(m, 1H), 2.64- 2.47(m, 3H), 2.45- 2.28(m, 4H), 2.06- 1.93(m, 1H), 1.61- 1.47(m, 1H) 117 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.08- 7.93(bs, 1H), 7.47- 7.27(m, 4H), 7.21- 7.05(m, 3H), 6.67- 6.53(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.93(m, 2H), 2.80- 2.50(m, 4H), 2.50- 2.24(bs, 4H), 2.09- 1.92(m, 1H), 1.62- 1.46(m, 1H) 118 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.07- 7.92(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.31(m, 4H), 7.27- 7.21(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.09(m, 2H), 6.66- 6.56(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.97(m, 2H), 2.85- 2.53(m, 4H), 2.52- 2.35(m, 4H), 2.08- 1.97(m, 1H), 1.63- 1.52(m, 1H) 119 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02- 7.83(bs, 1H), 7.48- 7.32(m, 2H), 7.33- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.20- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.77- 6.56(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.80- 2.54(m, 4H), 2.54- 2.30(m, 4H), 2.12- 1.92(m, 1H), 1.67- 1.49(m, 1H) 120 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03- 7.89(bs, 1H), 7.45- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.07(m, 4H), 7.05- 6.95(m, 1H), 6.72- 6.56(bs, 1H), 4.16- 3.96(m, 2H), 2.78- 2.50(m, 4H), 2.50- 2.29(m, 4H), 2.10- 1.92(m, 1H), 1.65- 1.47(m, 1H) 121 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.06- 7.96(bs, 1H), 7.49- 7.32(m, 2H), 7.25- 7.19(m, 2H), 7.18- 7.10(m, 2H), 6.65- 6.47(bs, 1H), 4.17- 3.95(m, 2H), 2.78- 2.50(m, 4H), 2.50- 2.25(m, 4H), 2.08- 1.91(m, 1H), 1.62- 1.47(m, 1H) 122 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′- dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03- 7.88(bs, 1H), 7.05- 6.96(m, 2H), 6.95- 6.87(m, 3H), 6.64- 6.58(bs, 1H), 4.12- 3.92(m, 2H), 2.68- 2.57(m, 1H) 2.57- 2.43(m, 3H), 2.34(s, 6H), 2.33-2.15(m, 4H), 2.00-1.77(m, 1H), 1.55-1.45(m, 1H) 123 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.77- 7.60(bs, 1H), 7.13- 6.86(m, 3H), 6.79(s, 1H), 6.70(s, 1H), 6.53(s, 1H), 5.03- 4.50(bs, 1H), 4.33- 4.18(m, 1H), 4.18- 3.98(m, 1H), 3.08- 2.95(bs, 1H), 2.95- 2.78(bs, 1H), 2.70- 2.31(m, 5H), 2.08- 1.90(bs, 1H), 1.90- 1.70(bs, 1H) 124 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00- 7.85(bs, 1H), 7.38- 7.25(m, 2H), 7.20- 7.19(m, 2H), 7.03(td, 1H, J = 8.4, 2.8), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.51-6.39(bs, 1H), 4.12-3.90(m, 2H), 2.63-2.55(m, 1H) 2.55- 2.39(m, 3H), 2.37- 2.18(m, 4H), 1.99- 1.85(m, 1H), 1.54- 1.38(m, 1H) 125 (S)-(1-(methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02- 7.81(bs, 1H), 7.53- 7.30(m, 3H), 7.26- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.05(td, 1H, J = 8.0, 2.8), 6.91(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.54-6.45(bs, 1H), 4.13-3.86(m, 2H), 2.65-2.54(m, 1H) 2.54- 2.42(m, 3H), 2.37- 2.19(m, 4H), 2.00- 1.86(m, 1H), 1.55- 1.37(m, 1H) 126 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.92- 7.76(bs, 1H), 7.42- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.28- 7.17(m, 2H), 7.06(td, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.51-6.36(bs, 1H), 4.12-3.90(m, 2H), 2.63-2.55(m, 1H) 2.55- 2.39(m, 3H), 2.37- 2.18(m, 4H), 2.00- 1.85(m, 1H), 1.54- 1.38(m, 1H) 127 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(4′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98- 7.82(bs, 1H), 7.49- 7.38(m, 2H), 7.34- 7.20(m, 2H), 7.03(td, 1H, J = 8.4, 2.8), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.60-6.49(bs, 1H), 4.14-3.87(m, 2H), 2.66-2.59(m, 1H) 2.59- 2.45(m, 3H), 2.42- 2.15(m, 4H), 2.04- 1.89(m, 1H), 1.57- 1.42(m, 1H) 128 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.86- 7.65(bs, 1H), 7.58- 7.39(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.16(m, 1H), 7.04(td, 1H, J = 8.4, 3.2), 6.89(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 3.2), 6.89-6.79(bs, 1H), 4.15-3.94(m, 2H), 2.90-2.73(m, 2H), 2.73- 2.54(m, 3H), 2.52- 2.19(m, 3H), 2.14- 1.96(m, 1H), 1.70- 1.54(m, 1H) 129 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chlorro-5,5′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97- 7.76(bs, 1H), 7.18- 7.02(m, 3H), 7.03- 6.86(m, 2H), 6.54- 6.42(bs, 1H), 4.03- 3.85(m, 2H), 2.65- 2.57(m, 1H) 2.57- 2.41(m, 3H), 2.37- 2.18(m, 4H), 2.02- 1.87(m, 1H), 1.55- 1.41(m, 1H) 130 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.01- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.54- 7.51(d, 1H, J = 8 Hz), 7.46(m, 1H), 7.38- 7.34(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.11(m, 2H), 6.46(s, 1H), 4.09-3.98(m, 2H), 2.63-2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.54-2.47(m, 3H), 2.36-2.26(m, 4H), 2.00-1.93(m, 1H), 1.50-1.45(m, 1H) 131 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro- [1,1′-dichloro]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.01- 7.97(m, 1H), 7.43- 7.35(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.25(m, 2H), 7.18- 7.11(m, 2H), 6.46(s, 1H), 4.10-3.99(m, 2H), 2.67-2.61(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.57-2.50(m, 3H), 2.38-2.28(m, 4H), 2.01-1.93(m, 1H), 1.52-1.48(m, 1H) 132 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.01- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.39- 7.35(m, 1H), 7.18- 7.11(m, 3H), 6.99- 6.97(m, 1H), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.10-3.99(m, 2H), 2.63-2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.48(m, 3H), 2.36-2.27(m, 4H), 2.00-1.92(m, 1H), 1.51-1.46(m, 1H) 133 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-amino- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.03(m, 1H), 7.25-7.21(m, 1H), 7.03-6.98(m, 1H), 6.92-6.90(m, 1H), 6.72-6.61(m, 3H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 3.80(s, 1H), 2.66- 2.62(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.46(m, 3H), 2.33-2.28(m, 4H), 2.01-1.93(m, 1H), 1.51-1.48(m, 1H) 134 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.67(m, 1H), 7.06-7.01(m, 1H), 6.97-6.94(m, 3H), 6.72-6.72(m, 1H), 6.54(s, 1H), 4.35- 4.05(m, 2H), 3.01- 3.00(m, 1H), 2.89- 2.88(m, 1H), 2.59- 2.57(m, 2H), 2.47- 2.41(m, 4H), 1.97- 1.96(m, 1H), 1.80(m, 1H) 135 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.85(s, 1H), 7.41-7.40(t, 1H, J = 4.0), 7.23(s, 2H), 7.10-7.05(m, 2H), 6.93-6.90(m, 2H), 6.36(s, 1H), 4.09- 3.99(m, 2H), 2.63- 2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.56-2.45(m, 3H), 2.32-2.28(m, 4H), 2.01-1.93(m, 1H), 1.50-1.46(m, 1H) 136 (R)-(1-(methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.03- 7.98(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.34(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.17- 7.10(m, 2H), 6.49(s, 1H), 4.09-3.98(m, 2H), 2.63-2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.51-2.46(m, 3H), 2.36-2.26(m, 4H), 2.00-1.91(m, 1H), 1.51-1.46(m, 1H) 137 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.95- 7.81(m, 1H), 7.40- 7.19(m, 3H), 7.18- 7.06(m, 1H), 6.89- 6.65(m, 4H), 4.34- 4.18(m, 1H), 4.09- 3.94(m, 1H), 2.89- 2.51(m, 5H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.07-1.95(m, 1H), 1.78-1.60(m, 1H) 138 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.96- 7.94(m, 1H), 7.63(s, 1H), 7.55-7.52(m, 2H), 7.42-7.37(m, 2H), 7.21-7.17(m, 2H), 6.40(s, 1H), 4.09- 3.99(m, 2H), 2.64- 2.60(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.55-2.47(m, 3H), 2.36-2.31(m, 4H), 2.00-1.91(m, 1H), 1.51-1.46(m, 1H) 139 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.97(m, 1H), 7.07-7.03(m, 1H), 6.94-6.89(m, 2H), 6.74-6.73(m, 1H), 6.45(s, 1H), 4.08- 3.99(m, 2H), 3.83- 3.79(m, 3H), 2.63- 2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.54-2.47(m, 3H), 2.36-2.27(m, 4H), 2.00-1.91(m, 1H), 1.49-1.45(m, 1H) 140 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.82(m, 1H), 7.65(s, 1H), 7.54-7.51(m, 2H), 7.13-7.08(m, 1H), 6.96-6.93(m, 2H), 6.34(s, 1H), 4.07- 3.97(m, 2H), 2.60- 2.56(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.43(m, 3H), 2.34-2.35(m, 4H), 1.98-1.90(m, 1H), 1.49-1.44(m, 1H) 141 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.93(m, 1H), 7.31-7.29(m, 2H), 7.23-7.13(m, 2H), 7.06-7.01(m, 1H), 6.91-6.89(m, 1H), 6.42(s, 1H), 4.07- 3.96(m, 2H), 2.61- 2.56(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.43(m, 3H), 2.35-2.25(m, 4H), 2.00-1.89(m, 1H), 1.51-1.41(m, 1H) 142 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5,5′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.85(m, 1H), 7.14-7.13(m, 2H), 7.10-7.05(m, 1H), 6.98-6.96(m, 1H), 6.93-6.90(m, 1H), 6.43(s, 1H), 4.09- 3.99(m, 2H), 2.65- 2.60(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.55-2.47(m, 3H), 2.36-2.31(m, 4H), 2.02-1.95(m, 1H), 1.52-1.47(m, 1H) 143 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.85(m, 1H), 7.40-7.38(m, 1H), 7.26-7.19(m, 2H), 7.08-7.03(m, 1H), 6.91-6.88(m, 1H), 6.34(s, 1H), 4.08- 3.97(m, 2H), 2.61- 2.57(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.55-2.47(m, 3H), 2.36-2.25(m, 4H), 2.00-1.90(m , 1H), 1.51-1.44(m, 1H) 144 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(2′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.05(m, 1H), 7.44-7.40(m, 1H), 7.31-7.23(m, 2H), 7.21-7.17(m, 2H), 6.98-6.96(m, 1H), 4.13-4.07(m, 2H), 3.10-3.08(m, 1H), 2.49-2.45(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.29- 2.21(m, 1H), 1.95- 1.59(m, 4H) 145 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5-dichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.87- 7.85(m, 1H), 7.55- 7.17(m, 5H), 6.99(m, 1H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.11-4.02(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 2H), 2.95-2.89(m, 1H), 2.85-2.81(m, 1H), 2.76-2.66(m, 1H), 2.62(s, 3H), 2.18- 2.09(m, 1H), 1.78- 1.69(m, 1H) 146 (R)-(1-(methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5-dichloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.86- 7.83(m, 1H), 7.53- 7.15(m, 4H), 6.99(m, 1H), 6.50(s, 1H), 4.10-4.02(m, 2H), 3.05-3.02(m, 2H), 2.97-2.90(m, 1H), 2.84-2.82(m, 1H), 2.77-2.67(m, 1H), 2.60(s, 3H), 2.18- 2.10(m, 1H), 1.79- 1.69(m, 1H) 147 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.70(s, 1H), 7.44-7.42(d, 1H, J = 7.2), 7.26-7.20(m, 2H), 6.93-6.90(m, 1H), 6.75(m, 1H), 6.66(s, 1H), 4.15-4.00(m, 2H), 3.81(s, 3H), 3.42- 3.40(m, 1H), 2.81- 2.47(m, 2H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.06-1.60(m, 4H) 148 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.92(s, 1H), 7.43-7.27(m, 2H), 7.23-7.08(m, 3H), 7.03-6.95(m, 1H), 6.79(s, 1H), 4.33- 4.19(m, 2H), 3.28- 3.26(m, 1H), 2.75(m, 1H), 2.49-2.28(m, 4H), 1.98-1.59(m, 4H) 149 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.90(s, 1H), 7.39-7.31(m, 2H), 7.22-7.05(m, 3H), 7.03-6.97(m, 1H), 6.72(s, 1H), 4.26- 4.11(m, 2H), 3.19- 3.14(m, 1H), 2.70- 2.64(m, 1H), 2.42- 2.30(m, 4H), 1.99- 1.58(m, 4H) 150 (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.41- 7.33(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.16- 7.10(m, 2H), 6.60(s, 1H), 4.10-4.01(m, 2H), 2.74-2.72(m, 1H), 2.65-2.45 (m, 5H), 2.37-2.34(m, 1H), 2.02-1.93(m, 1H), 1.57-1.49(m, 1H), 1.11(t, 3H, J = 7.2) 151 (R)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.95(s, 1H), 7.41- 7.34(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.18- 7.12(m, 2H), 6.68(s, 1H), 4.14-4.04(m, 2H), 3.07-3.05(m, 1H), 2.93-2.90(m, 1H), 2.76-2.74(m, 1H), 2.67-2.64(m, 2H), 2.09-2.02(m, 1H), 1.70-1.65(m, 2H), 1.23(s, 6H) 152 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-(hydroxymethyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 7.92(bs, 1H), 7.57- 6.90(m, 7H), 4.71(s, 1H), 4.21-3.91(m, 3H), 2.73-2.16(m, 9H), 2.08- 1.84(m, 1H), 1.64- 1.39(m, 1H) 153 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-carbamoyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (DMSO): δ 8.78(s, 1H), 8.20- 7.78(m, 3H), 7.78- 7.20(m, 7H), 3.99- 3.65(bs, 2H), 3.55- 3.26(bs, 1H), 2.60- 1.97(m, 7H), 1.88- 1.63(bs, 1H), 1.41- 1.14(bs, 1H) 154 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-amino-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.15- 8.00(bs, 1H), 7.43- 7.13(m, 3H), 7.12- 6.99(m, 1H), 6.82- 6.55(m, 4H), 4.18- 3.93(m, 2H), 3.87- 3.67(bs, 2H), 2.72- 2.41(m, 4H), 2.41- 2.19(m, 4H), 2.03- 1.83(m, 1H), 1.55- 1.40(m, 1H) 155 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-cyano-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.03- 7.85(m, 1H), 7.74- 7.50(m, 4H), 7.47- 7.32(m, 1H), 7.26- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.71- 6.47(bs, 1H), 4.15- 3.90(m, 2H), 2.77- 2.48(m, 4H), 2.48- 2.25(bs, 4H), 2.09- 1.88(m, 1H), 1.63- 1.44(m, 1H) 156 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(2′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(m, 1H), 7.43- 7.38(m, 3H), 7.31- 7.29(m, 1H), 7.26- 7.25(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.16(m, 2H), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.11-4.02(m, 2H), 2.94-2.80(m, 1H), 2.51-2.48(m, 1H), 2.44(s, 3H), 2.14- 2.01(m, 1H), 1.89- 1.55(m, 4H) 157 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(2′,4′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.91(m, 1H), 7.39- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.30- 7.26(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.17(m, 2H), 7.00- 6.97(m, 2H), 6.95- 6.92(m, 1H), 6.70(s, 1H), 4.12-4.06(m, 2H), 3.00-2.97(m, 1H), 2.75-2.70(m, 1H), 2.60(s, 3H), 2.18- 2.14(m, 1H), 1.90- 1.52(m, 4H) 158 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(2′,3′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.17(m, 4H), 7.09- 7.07(m, 1H), 4.18- 4.11(m, 2H), 3.27- 3.14(m, 1H), 2.89- 2.85(m, 1H), 2.74(s, 3H), 2.28-2.23(m, 1H), 1.93-1.48(m, 4H) 159 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-6′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(m, 1H), 7.55- 7.42(m, 1H), 7.30- 7.22(m, 2H), 7.19- 7.15(m, 2H), 7.04- 7.00(m, 1H), 4.20- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.29- 3.17(m, 1H), 2.88- 2.85(m, 1H), 2.54(s, 3H), 2.33-2.28(m, 1H), 2.01-1.66(m, 4H) 160 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 8.03(m, 1H), 7.36- 7.02(m, 6H), 6.89- 6.85(m, 1H), 6.63(s, 1H), 4.22-4.02(m, 2H), 3.07-2.98(m, 1H), 2.51-2.41(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.49- 2.14(m, 1H), 1.96- 1.52(m, 4H) 161 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,5′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02- 8.00(m, 1H), 7.37- 7.25(m, 2H), 7.17- 7.08(m, 2H), 6.90- 6.78(m, 2H), 6.60(s, 1H), 4.23-4.03(m, 2H), 3.08-2.99(m, 1H), 2.51-2.36(m, 1H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.29- 2.15(m, 1H), 1.99- 1.54(m, 4H) 162 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 8.08(d, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.39-7.10(m, 3H), 6.92-6.83(m, 1H), 6.66-6.61(m, 1H), 6.59(s, 1H), 6.52- 6.48(m, 1H), 4.28- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.14- 3.07(m, 1H), 2.59- 2.47(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.33-2.21(m, 1H), 2.02-1.58(m, 4H) 163 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,4′,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 8.09(d, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.33-7.23(m, 2H), 7.18-7.14(m, 1H), 7.13-7.10(m, 1H), 6.91-6.87(m, 1H), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.26- 4.06(m, 2H), 3.12- 3.08(m, 1H), 2.53- 2.43(m, 1H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.30-2.20(m, 1H), 1.98-1.63(m, 4H) 164 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4-′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02- 8.00(d, 1H, J = 7.6), 7.30-7.23(m, 2H), 7.21-7.09(m, 1H), 7.06-7.04(d, 2H, J = 8.8), 6.77-6.75(d, 2H, J = 8.8), 6.60(s, 1H), 4.28-4.08(m, 2H), 3.13-3.06(m, 1H), 2.57-2.45(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.33- 2.22(m, 1H), 1.99- 1.59(m, 4H) 165 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.12- 7.99(m, 1H), 7.49- 7.28(m, 4H), 7.28- 7.02(m, 3H), 6.62- 6.49(bs, 1H), 4.26- 3.99(m, 2H), 3.12- 2.98(m, 1H), 2.53- 2.40(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.27-2.14(m, 1H), 1.98-1.81(m, 1H), 1.80- 1.55(m, 2H) 166 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.10- 8.08(d, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.65-7.61(dd, 2H), J = 12.0), 7.55-7.42(m, 3H), 7.19-7.10(m, 1H), 6.57(s, 1H), 4.27- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.13- 3.05(m, 1H), 2.57- 2.47(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.33-2.21(m, 1H), 2.01-1.60(m, 4H) 167 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,4′-dichloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11- 8.09(d, 1H, J = 8.0), 7.39-7.08(m, 5H), 6.92-6.88(m, 1H), 6.32(s, 1H), 4.27- 4.12(m, 2H), 3.14- 3.08(m, 1H), 2.57- 2.53(m, 1H), 2.44(s, 3H), 2.31-2.21(m, 1H), 2.01-1.58(m, 4H) 168 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98- 7.96(d, 1H, J = 7.6), 7.30-7.26(m, 1H), 7.22-7.14(m, 2H), 7.11-7.05(m, 1H), 6.81-6.77(t, 2H, J = 16.8), 6.73-6.71(t, 1H, J = 4.4), 4.23- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.09- 3.05(m, 1H), 2.57- 2.50(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.36-2.22(m, 1H), 1.99-1.59(m, 4H) 169 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02- 8.00(d, 1H, J = 7.2), 7.68-7.65(m, 2H), 7.60-7.54(m, 2H), 7.41-7.37(m, 1H), 7.17-7.16(d, 2H, J = 4.4), 6.42(s, 1H), 4.22-4.04(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.24(q, 1H, J = 16.0), 2.02-1.55(m, 4H) 170 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-amino-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.09- 8.07(d, 1H, J = 7.6), 7.41-7.15(m, 4H), 7.08-7.00(m, 1H), 6.94(s, 2H), 6.82(s, 1H), 6.42(s, 1H), 6.69-6.66(t, 1H, J = 14.8), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.24-4.03(m, 2H), 3.11-3.02(m, 1H), 2.56-2.44(m, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.17(m, 1H), 1.96- 1.58(m, 4H) 171 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4′,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.75(s, 1H), 7.23- 6.97(m, 4H), 6.90- 6.85(m, 1H), 6.83(s, 1H), 4.31-4.15(m, 2H), 3.26(m, 1H), 2.81(m, 1H), 2.54(m, 1H), 2.47(s, 3H), 2.03- 1.64(m, 4H) 172 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,5,5′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.88(s, 1H), 7.06- 7.01(m, 2H), 6.90- 6.78(m, 3H), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.18-3.94(m, 2H), 3.05-3.00(m, 1H), 2.45-2.36(m, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.12(m, 1H), 1.90- 1.52(m, 4H) 173 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,4′,5,5′- tetrafluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.16- 6.98(m, 3H), 6.93- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.60(s, 1H), 4.29-4.07(m, 2H), 3.24(m, 1H), 2.51- 2.32(m, 2H), 2.15(s, 3H), 2.07-1.69(m, 4H) 174 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(s, 1H), 7.23- 7.16(m, 2H), 7.07- 7.02(m, 2H), 6.92- 6.89(m, 2H), 6.56(s, 1H), 4.20-4.04(m, 2H), 3.07-3.03(m, 1H), 2.48-2.39(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.31- 2.19(m, 1H), 1.93- 1.55(m, 4H) 175 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.89(s, 1H), 7.24(s, 1H), 7.22(s, 1H), 7.03-6.98(m, 2H), 6.88-6.85(m, 2H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.16- 4.00(m, 2H), 3.04- 3.00(m, 1H), 2.47- 2.35(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.27-2.16(m, 1H), 1.90-1.51(m, 4H) 176 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,4′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.89(s, 1H), 7.31- 7.28(m, 1H), 7.18(s, 1H), 7.16(s, 1H), 7.13-7.04(m, 1H), 6.83-6.81(m, 1H), 6.30(s, 1H), 4.16- 4.00(m, 2H), 3.04- 3.00(m, 1H), 2.47- 2.35(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.27-2.16(m, 1H), 1.90-1.51(m, 4H) 177 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.88(s, 1H), 7.41-7.37(m, 1H), 7.21-7.16(m, 1H), 7.08-7.01(m, 2H), 6.91-6.88(m, 1H), 6.52(s, 1H), 4.24- 4.05(m, 2H), 3.12- 3.07(m, 1H), 2.53- 2.44(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.36-2.22(m, 1H), 1.94-1.56(m, 4H) 178 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-cyano-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.86(s, 1H), 7.53- 7.49(m, 1H), 7.45- 7.40(m, 2H), 7.11- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.91- 6.88(m, 1H), 6.42(s, 1H), 4.18-4.02(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.45-2.39(m, 1H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.13(m, 1H), 1.91- 1.53(m, 4H) 179 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-hydroxy-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.85(s, 1H), 7.26- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.02- 6.96(m, 1H), 6.93- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.78- 6.74(m, 3H), 6.71(s, 1H), 4.21-4.18(m, 2H), 3.15-3.11(m, 1H), 2.62-2.56(m, 1H), 2.41(s, 3H), 2.34- 2.27(m, 1H), 1.98- 1.62(m, 4H) 180 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.81(s, 1H), 7.25- 7.22(m, 1H), 7.11(s, 1H), 7.07-6.91(m, 4H), 6.67(s, 1H), 4.30- 4.09(m, 2H), 3.21- 3.13(m, 1H), 2.71- 2.58(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.03-1.56(m, 4H) 181 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4,4′,5- trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.02(m, 1H), 7.39- 7.38(dd, 1H, J = 4.4), 7.27-7.25(m, 1H), 7.21-7.18(m, 1H), 7.01-6.98(dd, 1H, J = 7.2), 6.50(s, 1H), 4.23-4.10(m, 2H), 3.10-3.07(m, 1H), 2.50-2.46(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.23(m, 1H), 1.95- 1.60(m, 4H) 182 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.28- 7.23(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.00- 6.96(dd, 1H, J = 7.2), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.22- 4.10(m, 2H), 3.11- 3.09(m, 1H), 2.50- 2.46(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.29-2.21(m, 1H), 1.95-1.59(m, 4) 183 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)- ethyl(2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.38(m, 1H), 7.30- 7.26(m, 2H), 7.19- 7.15(m, 2H), 7.01- 6.93(m, 2H), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.21-4.14(m, 2H), 3.35(m, 1H), 3.00- 2.64(m, 1H), 2.48(s, 3H), 2.26-2.03(m, 3H), 1.94-1.67(m, 4H) 184 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)ethyl(2′,3′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.90(m, 1H), 7.44- 7.41(m, 1H), 7.26- 7.19(m, 4H), 7.09- 7.06(m, 1H), 6.46(s, 1H), 4.25(m, 2H), 3.80(m, 1H), 2.98(m, 1H), 2.73(s, 3H), 2.29-2.15(m, 3H), 2.02-1.57(m, 4H) 185 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)ethyl(2′,6′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(m, 1H), 7.60- 7.37(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.06- 6.99(m, 2H), 6.40(s, 1H), 4.22-4.20(m, 2H), 3.83(m, 1H), 2.99(m, 1H), 2.73(s, 3H), 2.31-2.15(m, 3H), 2.02-1.59(m, 4H) 186 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)ethyl(5′-chloro-2′-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.92(m, 1H), 7.42- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.37- 7.34(m, 1H), 7.29- 7.28(m, 1H), 7.22- 7.17(m, 2H), 7.14- 7.11(m, 1H), 6.45(s, 1H), 4.22-4.14(m, 2H), 3.80(m, 1H), 3.47- 3.45(m, 1H), 2.53(s, 3H), 2.16-2.11(m, 3H), 1.98-1.72(m, 4H) 187 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.37(m, 3H), 7.33- 7.27(m, 1H), 7.25- 7.20(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.14(m, 2H), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.08-4.01(m, 2H), 2.88-2.79(m, 1H), 2.49-2.45(m, 1H), 2.40(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.14(m, 1H), 1.94- 1.61(m, 4H) 188 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,4′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.37(m, 1H), 7.29- 7.23(m, 1H), 7.17- 7.14(m, 2H), 6.99- 6.89(m, 2H), 6.44(s, 1H), 4.23-4.05(m, 2H), 3.10-3.07(m, 1H), 2.49(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.28-2.22(m, 3H), 1.93-1.60(m, 4H) 189 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,3′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00(m, 1H), 7.38- 7.34(m, 1H), 7.29- 7.23(m, 2H), 7.20- 7.14(m, 2H), 7.02- 6.89(m, 1H), 6.51(s, 1H), 4.20-4.05(m, 2H), 3.08-3.05(m, 1H), 2.58-2.44(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.24(m, 3H), 1.99- 1.64(m, 4H) 190 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-6′- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(m, 1H), 7.43- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.23- 7.08(m, 4H), 7.04- 6.98(m, 1H), 6.52(s, 1H), 4.27-4.15(m, 2H), 3.17-3.07(m, 1H), 2.62(m, 1H), 2.44(s, 3H), 2.34-2.30(m, 3H), 1.95-1.58(m, 4H) 191 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dimethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.07- 8.05(m, 1H), 7.33- 7.30(m, 1H), 7.18- 7.16(m, 1H), 7.10- 7.06(m, 1H), 7.03(s, 1H), 6.95(s, 2H), 6.69(s, 1H), 4.09- 3.99(m, 2H), 2.69- 2.65(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.59-2.40(m, 3H), 2.35-2.27(m, 4H), 2.01-1.95(m, 1H), 1.54-1.48(m, 1H) 192 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.07- 7.89(bs, 1H), 7.40- 7.29(m, 1H), 7.29- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.19- 7.07(m, 2H), 7.07- 6.97(m, 1H), 6.97- 6.86(m, 1H), 6.61- 6.45(bs, 1H), 4.13- 3.92(m, 2H), 2.68- 2.43(m, 4H), 2.39(s, 3H), 2.36-2.20(m, 4H), 2.04-1.88(m, 1H), 1.53-1.39(m, 1H) 193 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′- dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98(m, 1H), 7.89- 7.04(m, 6H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 2.63-2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.40(m, 2H), 2.35-2.31(m, 3H), 2.31(s, 1H), 2.27- 2.23(m, 1H), 1.99- 1.92(m, 1H), 1.51- 1.44(m, 1H) 194 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.95(m, 1H), 7.47- 7.41(m, 2H), 7.12- 7.04(m, 4H), 6.93- 6.91(m, 1H), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 2.63-2.59(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.52-2.49(m, 3H), 2.34-2.27(m, 4H), 2.00-1.93(m, 1H), 1.50-1.46(m, 1H) 195 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.92(m, 1H), 7.42- 7.33(m, 2H), 7.23- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.07- 7.03(m, 1H), 6.93- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.27(s, 1H), 4.08-3.97(m, 2H), 2.65-2.60(t, 1H, J = 17.2), 2.53-2.45(m, 3H), 2.35-2.29(m, 4H), 2.01-1.93(m, 1H), 1.53-1.46(m, 1H) 196 (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.87(s, 1H), 7.40- 7.38(m, 1H), 7.25- 7.21(m, 2H), 7.08- 7.03(m, 1H), 6.90(dd, 1H, J = 8.8, 2.8), 6.50(s, 1H), 4.09- 3.98(m, 2H), 2.72(t, 1H, J = 8.8), 2.64- 2.44(m, 5H), 2.36- 2.33(m, 1H), 2.02- 1.92(m, 1H), 1.55- 1.47(m, 1H), 1.09(t, 3H, J = 7.2) 197 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ylcarbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.14- 8.01(m, 1H), 7.51- 7.29(m, 6H), 7.23- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.75- 6.60(bs, 1H), 4.24- 4.00(m, 2H), 3.10- 2.98(m, 1H), 2.53- 2.29(m, 4H), 2.28- 2.15(m, 1H), 1.97- 1.52(m, 4H) 198 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.14- 8.01(m, 1H), 7.51- 7.29(m, 5H), 7.23- 7.05(m, 2H), 6.75- 6.60(bs, 1H), 4.24- 4.00(m, 2H), 3.10- 2.98(m, 1H), 2.53- 2.29(m, 4H), 2.28- 2.15(m, 1H), 1.97- 1.52(m, 4H) 199 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.17- 8.01(m, 1H), 7.41- 7.27(m, 2H), 7.22- 7.02(m, 5H), 6.76- 6.63(bs, 1H), 4.22- 4.00(m, 2H), 3.09- 2.98(m, 1H), 2.52- 2.30(m, 7H), 2.29- 2.12(m, 1H), 1.97- 1.80(m, 1H), 1.80- 1.50(m, 3H) 200 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.45- 7.37(m, 3H), 7.32- 7.25(m, 3H), 7.05- 7.00(m, 1H), 6.94- 6.91(m, 1H), 6.59(s, 1H), 4.19-4.04(m, 2H), 3.06-3.04(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.18(m, 2H), 1.90- 1.76(m, 2H), 1.61- 1.57(m, 2H) 201 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.30- 7.11(m, 3H), 7.01- 6.85(m, 3H), 4.30- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.24- 3.21(m, 1H), 2.43(s, 3H), 2.35(s, 3H), 1.96-1.84(m, 2H), 1.79-1.72(m, 2H), 1.67-1.51(m, 2H) 202 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.43- 7.39(m, 1H), 7.11- 7.03(m, 4H), 6.91(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 6.48(s, 1H), 4.19-4.04(m, 2H), 3.05-3.02(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.26- 2.17(m, 2H), 1.88- 1.83(m, 2H), 1.71- 1.69(m, 2H) 203 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′,5-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.97(s, 1H), 7.31- 7.26(m, 1H), 7.22- 7.12(m, 2H), 7.06- 7.00(m, 2H), 6.91- 6.88(m, 1H), 6.43(s, 1H), 4.21-4.03(m, 2H), 3.06-3.02(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.15(m, 2H), 1.95- 1.83(m, 2H), 1.70- 1.67(m, 2H) 204 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4-fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96(s, 1H), 7.47- 7.43(m, 2H), 7.40- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.33- 7.25(m, 2H), 7.18- 7.10(m, 1H), 6.81- 6.75(m, 2H), 4.18- 4.05(m, 2H), 3.03- 3.01(m, 1H), 2.35(s, 3H), 2.22-2.17(m, 2H), 1.93-1.86(m, 2H), 1.61-1.57(m, 2H) 205 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96(s, 1H), 7.45- 7.39(m, 2H), 7.25- 7.23(m, 1H), 7.16- 7.07(m, 2H), 7.03- 7.01(m, 1H), 6.83- 6.78(m, 1H), 6.65(s, 1H), 4.19-4.06(m, 2H), 3.05-3.02(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.26- 2.18(m, 2H), 1.93- 1.84(m, 2H), 1.59- 1.50(m, 2H) 206 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-methyl-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.92(s, 1H), 7.45- 7.41(m, 2H), 7.33- 7.25(m, 2H), 7.16- 7.13(m, 1H), 7.02(s, 1H), 6.59(s, 1H), 4.21-4.05(m, 2H), 3.09-3.07(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.27-2.23(m, 2H), 1.90-1.87(m, 2H), 1.78-1.72(m, 2H) 207 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5-methyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.88(s, 1H), 7.42- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.21- 7.20(m, 1H), 7.17- 7.15(m, 1H), 7.10- 7.03(m, 2H), 7.00(m, 1H), 6.55(s, 1H), 4.22-4.06(m, 2H), 3.10-3.06(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.31(s, 3H), 2.27-2.21(m, 2H), 1.94-1.85(m, 2H), 1.78-1.69(m, 2H) 208 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′- dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.95(s, 1H), 7.15(m, 2H), 7.04-6.98(m, 2H), 6.93-6.90(m, 2H),, 6.72(s, 1H), 4.31- 4.17(m, 2H), 3.14(m, 1H), 2.82(m, 1H), 2.61-2.03(m, 10H), 1.99-1.62(m, 4H) 209 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′-(tert-butyl)-5- fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.83(s, 1H), 7.72- 7.70(m, 2H), 7.67- 7.52(m, 2H), 7.03- 6.91(m, 2H), 6.76(s, 1H), 4.35-4.22(m, 2H), 3.20(m, 1H), 2.96(m, 1H), 2.68-2.65(m, 1H), 2.48(s, 3H), 1.99- 1.63(m, 4H), 1.51- 1.29(m, 9H) 210 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5,5′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84(s, 1H), 7.24- 7.15(m, 1H), 7.12- 6.89(m, 4H), 6.64(s, 1H), 4.26-4.10(m, 2H), 3.16-3.15(m, 1H), 2.62(m, 1H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.38-2.32(m, 1H), 1.99-1.60(m, 4H) 211 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-4′,5- difluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.05(m, 1H), 7.57- 7.48(m, 1H), 7.22- 7.14(m, 2H), 7.12- 7.00(m, 2H), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.23-4.16(m, 2H), 3.22-3.10(m, 1H), 2.58-2.47(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.35- 2.30(m, 3H), 1.98- 1.60(m, 4H) 212 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(4′-chloro-3′,5- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.39- 7.31(m, 3H), 7.20- 7.00(m, 2H), 6.98- 6.88(d, 1H, J = 2.8), 4.34-4.23(m, 2H), 3.45(m, 1H), 3.16(m, 1H), 2.57-2.54(m, 4H), 2.11-1.70(m, 4H). 213 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-amino-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.99(s, 1H), 7.23- 7.19(m, 1H), 7.03- 6.98(m, 1H), 6.93- 6.90(m, 1H), 6.74(m, 1H), 6.70-6.66(m, 1H), 6.63(s, 1H), 4.24- 4.07(m, 2H), 3.46(s, 1H), 3.14(m, 1H), 2.59(m, 1H), 2.42(s, 3H), 2.33-2.29(m, 1H), 1.98-1.63(m, 4H) 214 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(2′,5-difluoro-3′- (trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.84(s, 1H), 7.69- 7.66(m, 1H), 7.53- 7.50(m, 1H), 7.37- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.15- 7.10(m, 1H), 6.98- 6.95(m, 1H), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.29-4.15(m, 2H), 3.27(s, 1H), 2.78- 2.70(m, 1H), 2.48- 2.35(m, 4H), 1.98- 1.70(m, 4H) 215 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.96(s, 1H), 7.79(s, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 7.50-7.47(d, 1H, J = 11.6), 7.11-7.06(m, 1H), 6.94-6.91(m, 1H), 6.58(s, 1H), 4.27- 4.11(m, 2H), 3.22- 3.17(m, 1H), 2.67- 2.66(m, 1H), 2.42- 2.32(m, 4H), 2.02- 1.60(m, 4H) 216 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)mehtyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.02- 6.64(m, 5H), 4.17- 4.09(m, 2H), 3.10- 3.06(m, 1H), 2.53(m, 1H), 2.37(s, 3H), 2.34-2.21(m, 1H), 1.96-1.62(m, 4H) 217 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5-fluoro- 5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.94(s, 1H), 7.66- 7.44(m, 4H), 6.91- 6.89(d, 1H, J = 8.4), 6.62(s, 1H), 4.23- 4.08(m, 2H), 3.86- 3.85(m, 3H), 3.11(m, 1H), 2.53(m, 1H), 2.34(s, 3H), 2.29- 2.28(m, 1H), 1.93- 1.63(m, 4H) 218 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-2′,4′- bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.11(m, 1H), 7.44- 7.36(m, 1H), 7.20- 7.17(m, 2H), 7.10- 6.99(m, 2H), 6.54(s, 1H), 4.27-4.21(m, 2H), 3.31-3.15(m, 1H), 2.44-2.40(m, 1H), 2.39(s, 1H), 2.30- 2.25(m, 3H), 2.01- 1.55(m, 4H) 219 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-ethoxy-5-fluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.58- 7.53(m, 1H), 7.48- 7.44(m, 2H), 7.29- 7.15(m, 2H), 6.95- 6.92(m, 1H), 6.84- 6.79(m, 1H), 4.27- 4.23(m, 2H), 4.14- 4.07(q, 2H, J = 6.8), 3.28(m, 1H), 2.89(m, 1H), 2.50(m, 4H), 1.98-1.59(m, 4H), 1.46-1.40(t, 3H, J = 14.0) 220 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,4′- dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.65- 7.61(m, 1H), 7.54- 7.52(m, 1H), 7.47- 7.43(m, 2H), 7.33(m, 1H), 6.68-6.65(m, 1H), 4.29-4.15(m, 2H), 3.87(s, 6H), 3.28- 3.25(m, 1H), 2.78- 2.70(m, 1H), 2.48- 2.35(m, 4H), 1.98- 1.63(m, 4H) 221 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′- dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.93(s, 1H), 7.03- 6.91(m, 4H), 6.46- 6.42(m, 1H), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.22-4.08(m, 2H), 3.77(s, 6H), 3.15(m, 1H), 2.61(m, 1H), 2.41(s, 3H), 2.36- 2.24(m, 1H), 1.93- 1.58(m, 4H) 222 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(5-methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.81(s, 1H), 7.43- 7.28(m, 4H), 7.20- 7.19(d, 1H, J = 4.4), 6.87-6.86(dd, 1H, J = 9.2), 6.76-6.75(d, 1H, J = 2.8), 6.61(s, 1H), 4.20-4.06(m, 2H), 3.77(s, 3H), 3.13- 3.10(m, 1H), 2.58- 2.43(m, 1H), 2.38(s, 3H), 2.32-2.25(m, 1H), 1.92-1.56(m, 4H) 223 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-fluoro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.74(s, 1H), 7.39- 7.33(m, 1H), 7.10- 7.01(m, 2H), 6.88- 6.85(m, 1H), 6.73- 6.72(m, 1H), 6.59(s, 1H), 4.17-4.03(m, 2H), 3.76(s, 3H), 3.76(m, 1H), 2.49(m, 1H), 2.36(s, 3H), 2.28- 2.21(m, 1H), 1.99- 1.56(m, 4H) 224 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′-chloro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.79(s, 1H), 7.37- 7.33(m, 2H), 7.26- 7.20(m, 2H), 6.91- 6.88(m, 1H), 6.73- 6.72(m, 1H), 6.38(s, 1H), 4.22-4.05(m, 2H), 3.79(s, 3H), 3.11- 3.07(m, 1H), 2.50- 2.38(m, 1H), 2.33(s, 3H), 2.29-2.22(m, 1H), 1.94-1.57(m, 4H) 225 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,4′-dichloro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.69(s, 1H), 7.48- 7.43(m, 2H), 7.21- 7.17(m, 1H), 6.90- 6.87(m, 1H), 6.71- 6.70(m, 1H), 6.51(s, 1H), 4.21-4.05(m, 2H), 3.78(s, 3H), 3.13(m, 1H), 2.52-2.45(m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.30- 2.22(m, 1H), 1.97- 1.59(m, 4H) 226 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2- yl)methyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate  

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.79(s, 1H), 7.64(m, 1H), 7.35-7.34(m, 1H), 7.23-7.22(m, 1H), 7.07-7.02(m, 1H), 6.90-6.87(m, 1H), 6.63(s, 1H), 4.26- 4.05(m, 2H), 3.20- 3.15(m, 1H), 2.66(m, 1H), 2.42-2.32(m, 4H), 1.99-1.61(m, 4H)

Example 1 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

4′-Fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (747 mg, 3.46 mmol) (Synthesis Example 1) was dissolved in toluene (20 mL), and then biphenylphosphoryl azide (958 μL, 4.15 mmol) and triethylamine (486 μL, 3.46 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred again under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine (558 μL, 4.15 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure, and then the same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (280 mg, 24%).

Examples 2-16

The starting materials in Table 7 were used instead of 4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (747 mg, 3.46 mmol) (Synthesis Example 1) to prepare compounds of Examples 2-16 in the same manner as Example 1.

TABLE 7 Examples 2-16 Example Chemical Name Starting Material 2 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,5′-Difluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (820 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (290 mg, 23%) Example 2) 3 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,4′,5′-Trifluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,4′,5′- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic trifluoro-[1,1′- acid (492 mg) (Synthesis biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate Example 3) (300 mg, 41%) 4 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Fluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (500 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (326 mg, 41%) Example 4) 5 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′-Methoxy-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (4′-methoxy- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (630 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (350 mg, 36%) Example 5) 6 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- [1,1′-Biphenyl]-2- yl)ethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]- carboxylic acid (500 mg) 2-ylcarbamate (400 mg, 50%) 7 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′-Chloro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (4′-chloro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (500 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (230 mg, 30%) Example 6) 8 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Chloro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-chloro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (500 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (170 mg, 22%) Example 7) 9 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,5′-Dichloro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (300 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (125 mg, 28%) Example 8) 10 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′-Trifluoromethoxy- yl)ethyl (4′-trifluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]- carboxylic acid (450 mg) 2-yl)carbamate (370 mg, (Synthesis Example 9) 57%) 11 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′-Nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- yl)ethyl (4′-nitro-[1,1′- 2-carboxylic acid (330 mg) biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 10) (410 mg, 82%) 12 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Trifluoromethyl-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-trifluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- acid (500 mg) (Synthesis yl)carbamate (476 mg, 65%) Example 11) 13 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′-Trifluoromethyl-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (4′-trifluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- acid (500 mg) (Synthesis yl)carbamate (45 mg, 6%) Example 12) 14 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Fluoro-4′-methyl- yl)ethyl ((3′-fluoro-4′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]- carboxylic acid (430 mg) 2-yl)carbamate (306 mg, (Synthesis Example 13) 46%) 15 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Methyl-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-methyl- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (400 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (105 mg, 16%) Example 14) 16 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Ethoxy-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-ethoxy- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (315 mg) (Synthesis carbamate (250 mg, 52%) Example 15)

Example 17 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

3′-Chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (300 mg, 1.20 mmol) (Synthesis Example 16) was dissolved in toluene (20 mL), and then biphenylphosphoryl azide (310 μL, 1.44 mmol) and triethylamine (202 μL, 1.44 mmol) was added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then stirred again under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidine (194 μL, 1.44 mmol) were added thereto and then stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure, and then the same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (93 mg, 21%).

Examples 18-27

The starting materials in Table 7 were used instead of 3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (300 mg, 1.20 mmol) (Synthesis Example 16) to prepare compounds of Examples 18-27 in the same manner as Example 17.

TABLE 8 Examples 18-27 Example Chemical Name Starting Material 18 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,5-Difluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,5-difluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) carbamate (465 mg, 76%) (Synthesis Example 17) 19 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4′,5-Difluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (4′,5-difluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) carbamate (184 mg, 30%) (Synthesis Example 18) 20 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,5,5′-Difluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,5,5′-tri- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- acid (500 mg, 1.98 mmol) yl)carbamate (362 mg, 48%) (Synthesis Example 19) 21 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 5-Fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′- 2-carboxylic acid (1 g, biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate 4.63 mmol) (Synthesis (297 mg, 19%) Example 20) 22 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 5-Fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-3′- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- acid (380 mg, 1.65 mmol) yl)carbamate (152 mg, 26%) (Synthesis Example 21) 23 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4-Fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- yl)ethyl (4-fluoro-[1,1′- 2-carboxylic acid (500 mg, biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate 2.31 mmol) (Synthesis (400 mg, 51%) Example 22) 24 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′,4-Difluoro-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′,4-difluoro- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) carbamate (84 mg, 14%) (Synthesis Example 23) 25 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 4-Methoxy-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (4-methoxy- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- acid (320 mg, 1.40 mmol) carbamate (170 mg, 34%) (Synthesis Example 24) 26 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 5-Methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]- yl)ethyl (5-methyl-[1,1′- 2-carboxylic acid (300 mg, biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate 1.41 mmol) (Synthesis (123 mg, 26%) Example 25) 27 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2- 3′-Fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′- yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro-5- biphenyl]-2-carboxylic methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- acid (200 mg, 0.87 mmol) yl)carbamate (279 mg, 90%) (Synthesis Example 26)

Example 28 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)carbamate (600 mg, 1.6 mmol) (Synthesis Example A) was dissolved in a mixed solution of toluene (20 mL) and ethanol (4 mL). 4-Cyanophenyl boronic acid (259 mg, 1.76 mmol), potassium carbonate (442 mg, 3.2 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (370 mg, 0.32 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate, and then the organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (193 mg, 35%).

Examples 29-32

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example A as a starting material and reaction materials in Table 9 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 29-32 in the same manner as Example 28.

TABLE 9 Examples 29-32 Starting Material (Synthesis Reacting Example Chemical Name Example A) Material 29 2-(1-Methyl- 1 g, 3-(3-Hydroxy- pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl 2.67 mmol propyl)phenyl (3′-(3-hydroxypropyl)- boronic acid [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (530 mg, yl)carbamate (52 mg, 2.94 mmol) 5%) 30 2-(1-Methyl- 200 mg, 4-(Dimethyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)-ethyl 0.53 mmol amino)-phenyl (4′-(dimethylamino)- boronic acid [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (131 mg, yl)carbamate (71 mg, 0.80 mmol) 36%) 31 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin- 150 mg, 4-Tert- 2-yl)ethyl (4′-(tert- 0.40 mmol butylphenyl butyl)-[1,1′- boronic acid biphenyl]-2-yl)- (110 mg, carbamate (33 mg, 22%) 0.60 mmol) 32 2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin- 400 mg, 2-Aminophenyl 2-yl)ethyl (2′-amino- 1.07 mmol boronic acid [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- pinacol ester carbamate (37 mg, 10%) (353 mg, 1.61 mmol)

Example 33 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)carbamate (1.36 g, 3.63 mmol) (Synthesis Example A) was dissolved in a mixed solution of acetonitrile (15 mL) and water (15 mL). 3-Aminophenyl boronic acid (995 mg, 7.26 mmol), sodium carbonate (772 mg, 7.26 mmol) and dichlorobis triphenylphosphine palladium (127 mg, 0.18 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. in a microwave oven for 10 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (192 mg, 16%).

Examples 34-41

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-iodophenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example A as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 10 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 34-41 in the same manner as Example 33.

TABLE 10 Examples 34-41 Starting Material (Synthesis Example Chemical Name Example A) Reacting Material 34 2-(1- 400 mg, 2-Fluorophenyl- Methylpyrrolidin-2- 1.07 mmol boronic acid yl)ethyl (2′-fluoro- (300 mg, 2.14 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (126 mg, 30%) 35 2-(1- 400 mg, 2-Chlorophenyl- Methylpyrrolidin-2- 1.07 mmol boronic acid yl)ethyl (2′-chloro- (335 mg, 2.14 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (80 mg, 18%) 36 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 2-Hydroxyphenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 1.07 mmol boronic acid (2′-hydroxy-[1,1′- pinacol ester biphenyl]-2-yl)- (471 mg, 2.14 mmol) carbamate (65 mg, 16%) 37 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, (3-cert-Butyl-5- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.80 mmol methyl)phenyl- (3′-tert-butyl-5′- boronic acid methyl-[1,1′- (307 mg, 1.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (155 mg, 49%) 38 2-(1-Methyl- 297 mg, (4-Fluoro-3- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.79 mmol (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic (4′-fluoro-3′- acid (330 mg, (trifluoromethyl)- 1.58 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (66 mg, 20%) 39 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, (4-Amino-3- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.80 mmol chlorophenyl)boronic (4′-amino-3′-chloro- acid pinacol [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- ester (406 mg, yl)carbamate (81 mg, 1.6 mmol) 27%) 40 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Hydroxyphenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.80 mmol boronic acid (3′-hydroxy-[1,1′- (221 mg, 1.6 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (48 mg, 9%) 41 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.80 mmol fluorophenyl- (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro- boronic acid [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (240 mg, 1.38 mmol) yl)carbamate (150 mg, 43%)

Example 42 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.16 mmol)(Synthesis Example B) was dissolved in toluene (20 mL). 3,4-Fluorophenyl diboronic acid (280 mg, 1.74 mmol), potassium carbonate (321 mg, 2.32 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (140 mg, 0.12 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (15 mg, 3%).

Examples 43-46

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example B as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 11 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 43-46 in the same manner as Example 42.

TABLE 11 Examples 43-46 Starting Material (Synthesis Reacting Example Chemical Name Example B) Material 43 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,4-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 1.16 mmol phenyl boronic (3′,4′-dichloro-5- acid (332 mg, fluoro-[1,1′- 1.74 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (24 mg, 5%) 44 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Ethylphenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 0.87 mmol boronic acid (3′-ethyl-5-fluoro- (200 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 1.31 mmol) yl)carbamate (40 mg, 12%) 45 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Dimethyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 1.16 mmol phenyl boronic (5-fluoro-3′,5′- acid (261 mg, dimethyl-[1,1′- 1.74 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (18 mg, 4%) 46 2-(1-Methyl- 1 g, 3-Aminophenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl 2.90 mmol boronic acid (3′-amino-5-fluoro- (600 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 4.35 mmol) yl)carbamate (50 mg, 5%)

Examples 47-51

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example C as a starting material instead of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example B and reacting materials in Table 12 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 47-51 in the same manner as Example 42.

TABLE 12 Examples 47-51 Starting Material (Synthesis Reacting Example Chemical Name Example C) Material 47 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, Phenylboronic pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.76 mmol acid (102 mg, ethyl(5-(tri- 0.84 mmol) fluoromethyl)-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (26 mg, 9%) 48 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 4-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.76 mmol boronic acid ethyl(4′-fluoro-5- (118 mg, (trifluoro-methyl)- 0.84 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)-carbamate (14 mg, 4%) 49 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.76 mmol boronic acid ethyl(3′-fluoro-5- (118 mg, (trifluoromethyl)- 0.84 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (19 mg, 6%) 50 2-(1-Methyl- 260 mg, 3,5-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.66 mmol phenylboronic ethyl (3′,5′- acid (115 mg, difluoro-5- 0.73 mmol) (trifluoromethyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (12 mg, 4%) 51 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.76 mmol boronic acid ethyl(3′-chloro-5- (131 mg, (trifluoromethyl)- 0.84 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (14 mg, 4%)

Example 52 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate (300 mg, 0.87 mmol)(Synthesis Example B) was dissolved in a mixed solution of acetonitrile (10 mL) and water (10 mL). (3-Chloro-5-fluorophenyl)boronic acid (303 mg, 1.74 mmol), sodium carbonate (184 mg, 1.74 mmol) and dichlorobis triphenylphosphine palladium (31 mg, 0.04 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. in a microwave oven for 10 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (51 mg, 15%).

Examples 53-59

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example B as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 13 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 53-59 in the same manner as Example 52.

TABLE 13 Examples 53-59 Starting Material (Synthesis Reacting Example Chemical Name Example B) Material 53 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.87 mmol fluoro- ethyl(3′-chloro- phenyl)boronic 4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′- acid (303 mg, biphenyl]-2- 1.74 mmol) yl)carbamate (81 mg, 24%) 54 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3-Fluoro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.16 mmol chloro- ethyl(4′-chloro- phenyl)boronic 3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′- acid (405 mg, biphenyl]-2- 2.32 mmol) yl)carbamate (173 mg, 38%) 55 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.16 mmol Dichlorophenyl ethyl(3′,5′- boronic acid dichloro-5-fluoro- (443 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 2.32 mmol) yl)-carbamate (71 mg, 15%) 56 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Dichloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.16 mmol fluoro-phenyl ethyl(3′,5′- boronic acid dichloro-4′,5- (484 mg, difluoro-[1,1′- 2.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (99 mg, 20%) 57 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.87 mmol hydroxy- ethyl(3′-chloro-5- phenyl)boronic fluoro-5′-hydroxy- acid (300 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 1.74 mmol) yl)-carbamate (97 mg, 28%) 58 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.16 mmol hydroxy- ethyl(3′-chloro-5- phenyl)boronic fluoro-4′-hydroxy- acid (400 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 2.32 mmol) yl)-carbamate (176 mg, 39%) 59 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3,4-Dimethyl- pyrrolidin-2- 1.16 mmol phenyl)boronic yl)ethyl(5-fluoro- acid (348 mg, 3′,4′-dimethyl- 2.32 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)-carbamate (129 mg, 30%)

Examples 60-65

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-methoxy-phenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example D instead of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example B as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 14 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 60-65 in the same manner as Example 52.

TABLE 14 Examples 60-65 Starting Material (Synthesis Example Chemical Name Example D) Reacting Material 60 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, Phenylboronic acid pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.84 mmol (154 mg, 1.26 mmol) ethyl(5-methoxy- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (25 mg, 8%) 61 2-(1-Methyl- 300 mg, 3-Fluorophenylboronic pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.84 mmol acid ethyl(3′-fluoro-5- (176 mg, 1.26 mmol) methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (112 mg, 36%) 62 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.12 mmol phenylboronic acid ethyl(3′,5′- (354 mg, 2.24 mmol) difluoro-5- methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (161 mg, 37%) 63 2-(1-Methyl- 330 mg, 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 0.92 mmol boronic acid ethyl(3′-chloro-5- (289 mg, 1.85 mmol) methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (112 mg, 31%) 64 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.12 mmol phenylboronic acid ethyl(3′,5′- (427 mg, 2.24 mmol) dichloro-5- methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (92 mg, 19%) 65 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.12 mmol fluoro)phenylboronic ethyl(3′-chloro- acid 4′-fluoro-5- (390 mg, 2.24 mmol) methoxy-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (155 mg, 34%)

Examples 66-73

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example E instead of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate of Synthesis Example B as a starting material and reacting materials in Table 15 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 66-73 in the same manner as Example 52.

TABLE 15 Examples 66-73 Starting Material (Synthesis Example Chemical Name Example E) Reacting Material 66 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, Phenylboronic acid pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol (271 mg, 2.22 mmol) ethyl (5-chloro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (94 mg, 24%) 67 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol boronic acid ethyl(5-chloro-3′- (311 mg, 2.22 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (187 mg, 45%) 68 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 4-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol boronic acid ethyl(5-chloro-4′- (311 mg, 2.22 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (38 mg, 9%) 69 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Difluorophenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol boronic acid ethyl(5-chloro- (351 mg, 2.22 mmol) 3′,5′-difluoro- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (162 mg, 37%) 70 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol boronic acid ethyl(3′,5- (347 mg, 2.22 mmol) dichloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (111 mg, 25%) 71 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, 3,5-Dichlorophenyl pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol boronic acid ethyl (3′,5,5′- (424 mg, 2.22 mmol) trichloro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (58 mg, 12%) 72 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3-Chloro-5-fluoro- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol phenyl)boronic acid ethyl (3′,5- (387 mg, 2.22 mmol) dichloro-5′- fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (119 mg, 26%) 73 2-(1-Methyl- 400 mg, (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- 1.11 mmol fluorophenyl)boronic ethyl(3′,5- acid dichloro-4′- (387 mg, 2.22 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate (88 mg, 19%)

Example 74 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-4′-formyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (220 mg, 0.70 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) and 3-fluoro-4-formylphenylboronic acid (237 mg, 1.41 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (124 mg, 50%) in the same manner as Example 52.

Example 75 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-difluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (130 mg, 0.33 mmol) (Example 62) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL). A boron trichloride solution (1.0M dichloromethane, 0.99 ml, 0.99 mmol) was added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. After reaction was terminated, the reactant was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (68 mg, 55%).

Example 76 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl(3′,5′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (90 mg, 0.21 mmol) (Example 64) was used instead of Example 62 to prepare titled compound (10 mg, 12%) in the same manner as Example 75.

Example 77 Synthesis of 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

2-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (140 mg, 0.34 mmol) (Example 65) was used instead of Example 62 to prepare titled compound (130 mg, 96%) in the same manner as Example 75.

Example 78 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

Step 1 (R)-tert-butyl 3-((([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamoyl)-oxy)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (2 g, 10.09 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (50 mL), and then biphenylphosphoryl azide (2.61 mL, 12.11 mmol) and triethylamine (1.42 mL, 10.09 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then stirred again under reflux for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. (R)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (2.44 g, 12.11 mmol) was added thereto and stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure, and then the same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (3 g, 75%).

¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 8.15-7.97 (bs, 1H), 7.55-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.26-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.67-6.52 (bs, 1H), 4.19-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.13-2.73 (bs, 1H), 2.57-2.38 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.53 (m, 2H) 1.43 (s, 9H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(R)-tert-butyl 3-((([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamoyl)oxy)-methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3 g, 7.57 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (80 mL). Trifluoroacetic acid (40 mL) was added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed by concentrating the reactant under reduced pressure and the same was extracted with 2N-sodium hydroxide solution and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (1.73 g, 77%).

Examples 79-88

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 16 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 79-88 in the same manner as Example 78.

TABLE 16 Examples 79-88 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 79 (S)-pyrrolidin- [1,1′-Biphenyl]-2- (S)-tert-butyl-3- 3-ylmethyl- carboxylic acid (hydroxymethyl)- [1,1′- (2 g, 10.09 mmol) pyrrolidine-1- biphenyl]-2-yl- carboxylate carbamate (2.44 g, 12.11 mmol) (1.53 g, 51%) 80 (R)-pyrrolidin- 3′,5′-Difluoro- (R)-tert-butyl-3- 3-ylmethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (hydroxymethyl)- (3′,5′- carboxylic acid pyrrolidine-1- difluoro-[1,1′- (500 mg, 2.13 mmol) carboxylate biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example 2) (516 mg, 2.56 mmol) yl)carbamate (435 mg, 63%) 81 (S)-pyrrolidin- 3′,5′-Difluoro- (S)-tert-butyl-3- 3-ylmethyl- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (hydroxymethyl)- (3′,5′- carboxylic acid pyrrolidine-1- difluoro-[1,1′- (500 mg, 2.13 mmol) carboxylate biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example 2) (516 mg, 2.56 mmol) yl)carbamate (416 mg, 59%) 82 (S)-pyrrolidin- 5-Fluoro-[1,1′- (S)-tert-butyl-3- 3-ylmethyl-(5- biphenyl]-2- (hydroxy- fluoro-[1,1′- carboxylic acid methyl)pyrrolidine-1- biphenyl]-2- (1 g, 4.63 mmol) carboxylate yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 20) (1.12 g, 5.56 mmol) (712 mg, 51%) 83 (S)-pyrrolidin- 5-Fluoro-3′- (S)-tert-butyl 3- 3-ylmethyl (5- methyl-[1,1′- (hydroxy- fluoro-3′- biphenyl]-2- methyl)pyrrolidine-1- methyl-[1,1′- carboxylic acid carboxylate biphenyl]-2- (1 g, 4.34 mmol) (1.05 g, 5.21 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 21) (260 mg, 18%) 84 (R)-pyrrolidin- 3′,5,5′-Trifluoro- (R)-tert-butyl 3- 3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (hydroxy- (3′,5,5′- carboxylic acid methyl)pyrrolidine-1- trifluoro- (500 mg, 1.98 mmol) carboxylate [1,1′- (Synthesis Example 19) (479 mg, 2.38 mmol) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (470 mg, 67%) 85 (S)-pyrrolidin- 3′,5,5′-Trifluoro- (S)-tert-butyl 3- 3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- (hydroxy- (3′,5,5′- carboxylic acid methyl)pyrrolidine-1- trifluoro- (500 mg, 1.98 mmol) carboxylate [1,1′- (Synthesis Example 19) (479 mg, 2.38 mmol) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (400 mg, 58%) 86 (R)-pyrrolidin- 5-Methyl-[1,1′- (R)-tert-butyl 3- 3-ylmethyl (5- biphenyl]-2- (hydroxy- methyl-[1,1′- carboxylic acid methyl)pyrrolidine-1- biphenyl]-2- (600 mg, 2.83 mmol) carboxylate yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 25) (684 mg, 3.40 mmol) (222 mg, 25%) 87 (R)-pyrrolidin- 3′-Fluoro-5- (R)-tert-butyl 3- 3-ylmethyl (3′- methyl-[1,1′- (hydroxy- fluoro-5- biphenyl]-2- methyl)pyrrolidine-1- methyl-[1,1′- carboxylic acid carboxylate biphenyl]-2- (400 mg, 1.74 mmol) (420 mg, 2.09 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 26) (346 mg, 61%) 88 (S)-pyrrolidin- 4′-Fluoro-[1,1′- (S)-tert-butyl 2- 2-ylmethyl (4′- biphenyl]-2- (hydroxy- fluoro-[1,1′- carboxylic acid methyl)pyrrolidine-1- biphenyl]-2- (750 mg, 3.47 mmol) carboxylate yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example 1) (837 mg, 4.16 mmol) (915 mg, 84%)

Example 89 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (727 mg, 2.45 mmol) (Example 78) was dissolved in water (50 mL). Acetic acid (1 mL), formaldehyde solution (3 mL) and zinc powder (300 mg) were sequentially added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reactant was filtered, neutralized with 2N-sodium hydroxide and extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (209 mg, 28%).

Examples 90-99

Starting materials in Table 17 were used instead of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate to prepare compounds of Examples 90-99 in the same manner as Example 89

TABLE 17 Examples 90-99 Example Chemical Name Starting Material 90 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl [1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate carbamate (285 mg, 52%) (523 mg, 1.76 mmol) (Example 79) 91 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (3′,5′- (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate 2-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.2 mmol) (138 mg, 33%) (Example 80) 92 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (3′,5′- (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′- difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate 2-yl)carbamate (377 mg, 1.13 mmol) (78 mg, 19%) (Example 81) 93 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro- (5-fluoro-[1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate carbamate (330 mg, 1.05 mmol) (230 mg, 67%) (Example 82) 94 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′- (5-fluoro-3′-methyl- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- yl)carbamate carbamate (24 mg, 9%) (260 mg, 0.79 mmol) (Example 83) 95 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (3′,5,5′- (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′- trifluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.14 mmol) (58 mg, 14%) (Example 84) 96 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (3′,5,5′- (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′- trifluoro-[1,1′- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (400 mg, 1.14 mmol) (144 mg, 35%) (Example 85) 97 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (5-methyl- (5-methyl-[1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate carbamate (145 mg, 0.47 mmol) (24 mg, 16%) (Example 86) 98 (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl 3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-5- (3′-fluoro-5-methyl- methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- yl)carbamate carbamate (15 mg, 5%) (320 mg, 0.97 mmol) (Example 87) 99 (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin- (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl 2-yl)methyl (4′-fluoro- (4′-fluoro-[1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate carbamate (850 mg, 2.70 mmol) (87 mg, 10%) (Example 88)

Example 100 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

3′-Methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (Synthesis Example 14) and (R)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate were used as starting materials to prepare the titled compound in the same manner as Example 78.

¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 8.13-7.97 (bs, 1H), 7.41-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.02 (m, 5H), 6.77-6.62 (bs, 1H), 4.13-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.72-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.30 (m, 4H), 1.97-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.36 (m, 1H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl-(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (600 mg, 1.93 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was used to prepare the titled compound (30 mg, 5%) in the same manner as Example 89.

Example 101 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl(3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

3′-Methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (Synthesis Example 14) and (S)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate were used as starting materials to prepare the titled compound in the same manner as Example 78.

¹H NMR(CDCl₃): δ 8.15-7.99 (bs, 1H), 7.45-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.06 (m, 5H), 6.74-6.59 (bs, 1H), 4.15-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.07-1.92 (bs, 1H) 1.92-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.33 (m, 1H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (900 mg, 2.90 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was used to prepare the titled compound (208 mg, 22%) in the same manner as Example 89.

Example 102 Synthesis of (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (1 g, 3.37 mmol) (Example 78) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (20 mL). Potassium carbamate (652 mg, 4.72 mmol), potassium iodide (112 mg, 0.67 mmol), triethylamine (1.42 mL, 10.11 mmol) and iodoethane (323 μL, 4.04 mmol) were sequentially added thereto and stirred at 120° C. for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature and extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (142 mg, 13%).

Examples 103-105

Starting materials in Table 18 were used instead of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate to prepare compounds of Examples 103-105 in the same manner as Example 102.

TABLE 18 Examples 103-105 Example Chemical Name Starting Material 103 (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl yl)methyl [1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl- biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate carbamate (89 mg, 8%) (1 g, 3.37 mmol) (Example 79) 104 (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3- (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl yl)methyl (3′-methyl- (3′-methyl-[1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate carbamate (623 mg, 2.01 mmol) (109 mg, 16%) (Example 100, Step 1) 105 (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3- (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl yl)methyl (3′-methyl- (3′-methyl-[1,1′- [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate carbamate (600 mg, 1.93 mmol) (40 mg, 6%) (Example 101, Step 1)

Example 106 Synthesis of (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (1 g, 3.37 mmol) and 2-iodoethane (323 μL, 4.04 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (385 mg, 35%) in the same manner as Example 102.

Example 107 Synthesis of (S)-(1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (940 mg, 3.17 mmol) and 1-iodo-2-methylpropane (438 μL, 3.08 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (47 mg, 4%) in the same manner as Example 102.

Example 108 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl(3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

3′,5-Difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (800 mg, 3.42 mmol) (Synthesis Example 17) and (S)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (825 mg, 4.10 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (50 mg, 5%) in the same manner as Example 78 and Example 89.

Example 109 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (821 mg, 4.14 mmol) and (R)-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1 g, 4.97 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (730 mg, 60%) in the same manner as Example 78.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.09-8.08 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.89 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.12-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.74-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.51-2.44 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.44 (m, 1H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (730 mg, 2.46 mmol) was used as a starting material to prepare titled compound (183 mg, 24%) in the same manner as Example 89.

Example 110 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

3′-Methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (700 mg, 3.3 mmol) (Synthesis Example 14) and (R)-tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (797 mg, 3.96 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (258 mg, 24%) in the same manner as Example 78 and Example 89.

Example 111 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

5-Fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid

(1 g, 4.34 mmol) (Synthesis Example 21) and (R)-tert-butyl 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (1.05 g, 5.21 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (52 mg, 4%) in the same manner as Example 78 and Example 89.

Example 112 Synthesis of (S)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (2.5 g, 12.61 mmol) and (S)-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3.05 g, 15.14 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (3.06 g, 82%) in the same manner as Example 78.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 4H), 7.04-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.78-4.76 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.73 (m, 4H), 2.06-2.05 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.35 (m, 1H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (S)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

(S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate (1 g, 3.37 mmol) and 2-iodopropyl (404 μL, 4.04 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (78 mg, 7%) in the same manner as Example 102.

Example 113 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (230 mg, 0.73 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethanol (5 mL) and water (5 mL). 3-Fluorophenylboronic acid (123 mg, 0.88 mmol), potassium carbonate (203 mg, 1.47 mmol), di(acetato)dicyclo-hexylphenylphosphine palladium(II) and Polymer-bound FibreCat™ (30 mg) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours and then cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (60 mg, 25%).

Examples 114-115

Reacting materials in Table 19 was used instead of 3-fluorophenylboronic acid to prepare compounds of Examples 114-115.

TABLE 19 Example 114-115 Starting Material (Synthesis Example Chemical Name Example F) Reacting Material 114 (R)-(1-methyl- 230 mg, 4-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- 0.73 mmol boronic acid methyl(4′-fluoro- (123 mg, [1,1′-biphenyl]-2- 0.88 mmol) yl)carbamate (58 mg, 24%) 115 (R)-(1-methyl- 220 mg, 3,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-3-yl- 0.70 mmol phenylboronic methyl(3′,4′- acid difluoro-[1,1′- (222 mg, biphenyl]-2-yl)- 1.40 mmol) carbamate (132 mg, 55%)

Examples 116 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) (Synthesis Example G) was dissolved in toluene (10 mL). 3-Fluorophenylboronic acid (179 mg, 1.28 mmol), potassium carbonate (177 mg, 1.28 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (74 mg, 0.064 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (102 mg, 49%).

Examples 117-129

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 20 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 117-129 in the same manner as Example 116.

TABLE 20 Examples 117-129 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 117 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (138 mg, 0.88 mmol) chloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (230 mg, 0.73 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (160 mg, 63%) 118 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (305 mg, 1.95 mmol) chloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (305 mg, 0.97 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example G) (130 mg, 39%) 119 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,5′- methyl(2-bromo- acid dichloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate (334 mg, 1.75 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- (274 mg, 0.88 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example G) (170 mg, 51%) 120 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-5′- phenyl)carbamate (348 mg, 1.99 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (312 mg, 1.00 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- (Synthesis Example G) carbamate (66 mg, 18%) 121 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluoro)phenyl- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-4′- phenyl)carbamate (223 mg, 1.28 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.63 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- (Synthesis Example G) carbamate (107 mg, 47%) 122 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dimethyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid fluoro-3′,5′- fluorophenyl)- (172 mg, 1.15 mmol) dimethyl-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (190 mg, 0.57 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example I) (160 mg, 73%) 123 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- hydroxyphenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5-fluoro- fluorophenyl)- (213 mg, 1.24 mmol) 5′-hydroxy- carbamate [1,1′-biphenyl]- (205 mg, 0.62 mmol) 2-yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example I) (150 mg, 64%) 124 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 4-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(4′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (114 mg, 0.82 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- fluorophenyl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate carbamate (225 mg, 0.68 mmol) (78 mg, 33%) (Synthesis Example I) 125 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (125 mg, 0.80 mmol) chloro-5-fluoro- fluorophenyl)- [1,1′-biphenyl]- carbamate 2-yl)carbamate (220 mg, 0.66 mmol) (153 mg, 64%) (Synthesis Example I) 126 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,5′- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid dichloro-5- fluorophenyl)- (460 mg, 1.69 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (280 mg, 0.85 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example I) (74 mg, 22%) 127 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 4-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(4′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (111 mg, 0.71 mmol) chloro-5-fluoro- fluorophenyl)carbamate [1,1′-biphenyl]- (195 mg, 0.59 mmol) 2-yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example I) (37 mg, 17%) 128 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,4′- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid dichloro-5- fluorophenyl)carbamate (152 mg, 0.80 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (220 mg, 0.66 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- (Synthesis Example I) carbamate (50 mg, 19%) 129 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl (2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5,5′- fluorophenyl)- (221 mg, 1.27 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (210 mg, 0.63 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example I) (130 mg, 54%)

Example 130 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (225 mg, 0.72 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethanol (5 mL) and water (5 mL). 3,4-Dichlorophenylboronic acid (274 mg, 1.44 mmol), potassium carbonate (199 mg, 1.44 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (83 mg, 0.072 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. for 6 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (151 mg, 560).

Examples 131-135

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 21 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 131-135 in the same manner as Example 130.

TABLE 21 Examples 131-135 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 131 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic methyl(3′,5′- methyl(2-bromo- acid dichloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate (251 mg, 1.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2-yl)- (206 mg, 0.66 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (101 mg, 40%) 132 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-5′-fluoro- phenyl)carbamate (251 mg, 1.32 mmol) [1,1′-biphenyl]- (206 mg, 0.66 mmol) 2-yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example F) 133 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Aminophenyl- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid methyl(5-fluoro- methyl(2-bromo-4- (178 mg, 1.30 mmol) 3′-amino-[1,1′- fluorophenyl)- biphenyl]-2-yl)- carbamate carbamate (215 mg, 0.65 mmol) (63 mg, 28%) (Synthesis Example H) 134 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- hydroxyphenyl)- methyl(3′-chloro- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid 5-fluoro-5′- fluorophenyl)- (246 mg, 1.43 mmol) hydroxy-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (236 mg, 0.71 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example H) (143 mg, 53%) 135 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic methyl(3′,5′- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid dichloro-5- fluorophenyl)- (254 mg, 1.33 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2-yl)- (220 mg, 0.66 mmol) carbamate (Synthesis Example H) (65 mg, 25%)

Example 136 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (250 mg, 0.80 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) was dissolved in a mixed solution of acetonitrile (6 mL) and water (6 mL). (3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)boronic acid (279 mg, 1.60 mmol), sodium carbonate (170 mg, 1.60 mmol) and dichlorobistriphenylphosphine palladium (28 mg, 0.04 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred in a microwave oven at 110° C. for 30 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (23 mg, 70%).

Examples 137-149

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 22 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 137-149 in the same manner as Example 136.

TABLE 22 Examples 137-149 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 137 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Hydroxyphenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (111 mg, 0.81 mmol) hydroxy-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (230 mg, 0.73 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (156 mg, 65%) 138 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- (trifluoromethyl) yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- phenyl)boronic chloro-5′- phenyl)carbamate acid (trifluoro- (365 mg, 0.17 mmol) (523 mg, 2.33 mmol) methyl)-[1,1′- (Synthesis Example F) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (208 mg, 43%) 139 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- methoxyphenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- (240 mg, 1.29 mmol) fluoro-5′- carbamate methoxy-[1,1′- (213 mg, 0.64 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example H) yl)carbamate (184 mg, 73%) 140 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- (trifluoromethyl) yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- phenyl)boronic chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- acid fluoro-5′- carbamate (307 mg, 1.37 mmol) (trifluoro- (227 mg, 0.69 mmol) methyl)-[1,1′- (Synthesis Example H) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (135 mg, 47%) 141 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 4-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(4′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (270 mg, 1.93 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- fluorophenyl)- biphenyl]-2- carbamate yl)carbamate (320 mg, 0.97 mmol) (208 mg, 62%) (Synthesis Example H) 142 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- yl)methyl(2- boronic acid chloro-5,5′- bromo-4-fluoro- (238 mg, 1.37 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (226 mg, 0.68 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example H) (108 mg, 42%) 143 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-4′,5- fluorophenyl)- (253 mg, 1.45 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (240 mg, 0.73 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example H) (150 mg, 54%) 144 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Fluorophenyl pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(2′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (254 mg, 1.812 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- fluorophenyl)- biphenyl]-2- carbamate yl)carbamate (300 mg, 0.91 mmol) (134 mg, 43%) (Synthesis Example H) 145 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (197 mg, 1.26 mmol) dichloro-[1,1′- chlorophenyl)- biphenyl]-2- carbamate yl)carbamate (290 mg, 0.84 mmol) (69 mg, 22%) (Synthesis Example J) 146 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid dichloro-4′- chlorophenyl)- (300 mg, 1.72 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (300 mg, 0.84 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example J) 147 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-4′- methoxyphenyl)- (274 mg, 1.57 mmol) fluoro-5- carbamate methoxy-[1,1′- (270 mg, 0.78 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example K) yl)carbamate 148 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-5′- phenyl)carbamate (223 mg, 1.28) fluoro-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (150 mg, 65%) 149 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluorophenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-4′- phenyl)carbamate (555 mg, 3.18 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (500 mg, 1.59 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (151 mg, 26%)

Example 150 Synthesis of (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-tert-butyl 3-((((3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl) carbamoyl)oxy)methyl) pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

(R)-tert-butyl-3-((((2-bromophenyl)carbamoyl)oxy)-methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (4 g, 10.02 mmol) (Synthesis Example F, Step 1) and (3-chloro-4-fluoro)phenylboronic acid (3.5 g, 20.04 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (3.4 g, 76%) in the same manner as Example 42.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.13 (m, 2H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.29 (m, 3H), 3.15-2.99 (s, 1H), 2.51-2.48 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.38 (m, 10H)

Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-tert-butyl-3-((((3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamoyl)oxy)methyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3.4 g, 7.57 mmol) prepared in Step 1 was used as a starting material to prepare titled compound (2.3 g, 87%) in the same manner as Example 78.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.99-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.66 (s, 1H), 2.45-2.39 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 1H)

Step 3 Synthesis of (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (345 mg, 0.99 mmol) prepared in Step 2 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). Triethylamine (150 μL, 1.09 mmol) and bromoethane (118 μL, 1.58 mmol) were sequentially added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reactant was concentrated under reduced pressure and extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (74 mg, 20%).

Example 151 Synthesis of (R)-(1-isopropyl pyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl-(3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate (347 mg, 1.00 mmol) (Example 150, Step 2) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). Triethylamine (150 μL, 1.10 mmol) and 2-bromopropane (100 μL, 1.10 mmol) were sequentially added thereto and stirred at room temperature for 3 days. The reactant was concentrated under reduced pressure and extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (17 mg, 4%).

Example 152 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′-(hydroxymethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl-(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (395 mg, 1.26 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) was dissolved in a mixed solution of toluene (15 mL) and ethanol (2 mL). 3-(Hydroxymethyl)phenylboronic acid (211 mg, 1.39 mmol), potassium carbonate (348 mg, 2.52 mmol) and tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (146 mg, 0.13 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred at 110° C. for 12 hours and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (126 mg, 29%).

Examples 153-190

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 23 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 153-190 in the same manner as Example 152.

TABLE 23 Examples 153-190 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 153 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- (3-Carbamoyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenyl)boronic yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- acid carbamoyl- phenyl)carbamate (229 mg, 1.39 mmol) [1,1′- (395 mg, 1.26 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example F) yl)carbamate (125 mg, 28%) 154 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Aminophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (115 mg, 0.84 mmol) amino-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (220 mg, 0.70 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (102 mg, 45%) 155 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Cyanophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (118 mg, 0.80 mmol) cyano-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (210 mg, 0.67 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (77 mg, 34%) 156 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 2-Fluorophenyl pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(2′- methyl(2-bromo- (201 mg, 1.437 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (300 mg, 0.958 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example F) (210 mg, 67%) 157 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 2,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenyl yl)methyl- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid (2′,4′- phenyl)carbamate (202 mg, 1.277 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.639 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example F) yl)carbamate (115 mg, 52%) 158 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 2,3-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenyl yl)methyl(2′,3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid difluoro- phenyl)carbamate (202 mg, 1.277 mmol) [1,1′- (200 mg, 0.639 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example F) yl)carbamate (145 mg, 66%) 159 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chloro-6- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- fluorophenyl yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-6′- phenyl)carbamate (223 mg, 1.277 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.639 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example F) yl)carbamate (130 mg, 56%) 160 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (107 mg, 0.77 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (183 mg, 87%) 161 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,5′- methyl(2-bromo- acid difluoro- phenyl)carbamate (121 mg, 0.77 mmol) [1,1′- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (163 mg, 74%) 162 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,4′- methyl(2-bromo- acid difluoro- phenyl)carbamate (101 mg, 0.64 mmol) [1,1′- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (105 mg, 95%) 163 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,4,5-Trifluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo- acid (2′,4′,5′- phenyl)carbamate (113 mg, 0.64 mmol) trifluoro-[1,1′- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (79 mg, 68%) 164 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 4-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(4′- methyl(2-bromo- (100 mg, 0.64 mmol) chloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (103 mg, 94%) 165 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (100 mg, 0.64 mmol) chloro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (70 mg, 64%) 166 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(3′,4′- methyl(2-bromo- acid dichloro- phenyl)carbamate (122 mg, 0.64 mmol) [1,1′- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (96 mg, 79%) 167 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,4-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(2′,4′- methyl(2-bromo- acid dichloro- phenyl)carbamate (122 mg, 0.64 mmol) [1,1′- (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (83 mg, 69%) 168 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Hydroxyphenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- ylmethyl(2-bromo- (106 mg, 0.77 mmol) hydroxy-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (160 mg, 77%) 169 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Cyanophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (113 mg, 0.77 mmol) cyano-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (17 mg, 13%) 170 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Aminophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- (105 mg, 0.77 mmol) amino-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.64 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (78 mg, 38%) 171 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (3′,4′,5- fluorophenyl)- (95 mg, 0.60 mmol) trifluoro- carbamate [1,1′- (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example N) yl)carbamate (88 mg, 81%) 172 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl) methyl(2-bromo-4- acid methyl(3′,5,5′- fluorophenyl)- (190 mg, 1.20 mmol) trifluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example N) (180 mg, 83%) 173 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,4,5-Trifluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (2′,4′,5,5′- fluorophenyl)- (211 mg, 1.20 mmol) tetrafluoro- carbamate [1,1′- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example N) yl)carbamate (188 mg, 82%) 174 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (188 mg, 1.20 mmol) chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example N) (171 mg, 79%) 175 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 4-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl (4′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (188 mg, 1.20 mmol) chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example N) (198 mg, 91%) 176 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,4- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- Dichlorophenyl- yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid (2′,4′- fluorophenyl)- (230 mg, 1.20 mmol) dichloro-5- carbamate fluoro-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example N) yl)carbamate (146 mg, 61%) 177 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Dichlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) (3′,4′- fluorophenyl)- dichloro-5- carbamate fluoro-[1,1′- (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example N) yl)carbamate (76 mg, 64%) 178 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Cyanophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl (3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (176 mg, 1.20 mmol) cyano-5-fluoro- fluorophenyl)- [1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.60 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example N) (117 mg, 55%) 179 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Hydroxyphenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (83 mg, 0.60 mmol) hydroxy-5- fluorophenyl)- fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example N) (66 mg, 64%) 180 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-(Trifluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- methyl)phenyl- yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid fluoro-3′- fluorophenyl)- (115 mg, 0.60 mmol) (trifluoromethyl)- carbamate [1,1′- (100 mg, 0.30 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example N) yl)carbamate (43 mg, 36%) 181 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluorophenyl yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4,5- boronic acid chloro-4,4′,5- difluorophenyl)- (200 mg, 1.15 mmol) trifluoro- carbamate [1,1′- (200 mg, 0.57 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example P) yl)carbamate (57 mg, 25%) 182 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl (3′- methyl(2-bromo-4,5- (161 mg, 1.03 mmol) chloro-4,5- difluorophenyl)- difluoro-[1,1′- carbamate biphenyl]-2- (180 mg, 1.52 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example L) (50 mg, 25%) 183 2-(1-Methyl- 2-(1-Methyl- 2,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenyl yl)ethyl ethyl(2-iodo- boronic acid (2′,4′- phenyl)carbamate (290 mg, 1.834 mmol) difluoro-[1,1′- (300 mg, 0.917 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example A) yl)carbamate (50 mg, 15%) 184 2-(1-Methyl- 2-(1-Methyl- 2,3-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenyl yl)ethyl(2′,3′- ethyl(2-iodo- boronic acid difluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate (290 mg, 1.834 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (300 mg, 0.917 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example A) (50 mg, 15%) 185 2-(1-Methyl- 2-(1-Methyl- 2,6-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenyl yl)ethyl(2′,6′- ethyl(2-iodo- boronic acid difluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate (290 mg, 1.834 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (300 mg, 0.917 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example A) (50 mg, 15%) 186 2-(1-Methyl- 2-(1-Methyl- 5-Chloro-2- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluorophenyl yl)ethyl (5′- ethyl(2-iodo- boronic acid chloro-2′- phenyl)carbamate (320 mg, 1.834 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (300 mg, 0.917 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example A) yl)carbamate (160 mg, 46%) 187 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2-Fluorophenyl pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(2′- methyl(2-bromo- (268 mg, 1.916 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (300 mg, 0.958 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis Example M) (205 mg, 65%) 188 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,4-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenyl yl)methyl(2′,4′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid difluoro- phenyl)carbamate (303 mg, 1.916 mmol) [1,1′- (300 mg, 0.958 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (250 mg, 75%) 189 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 2,3-Difluoro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenyl yl)methyl(2′,3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid difluoro- phenyl)carbamate (303 mg, 1.916 mmol) [1,1′- (300 mg, 0.958 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (100 mg, 30%) 190 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chloro-6- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluorophenyl yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo- boronic acid chloro-6′- phenyl)carbamate (334 mg, 1.916 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- (300 mg, 0.958 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis Example M) yl)carbamate (150 mg, 43%)

Example 191 Synthesis of (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-methyl (3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromophenyl)-carbamate (220 mg, 0.70 mmol) (Synthesis Example F) was dissolved in a mixed solution of ethanol (5 mL) and water (5 mL). 3,5-Dimethylboronic acid (211 mg, 1.41 mmol), potassium carbonate (194 mg, 1.41 mmol), di(acetato)dicyclohexylphenyl-phosphine palladium(II) and Polymer-bound FibreCat™ (28 mg) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred in a microwave oven at 110° C. for 30 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtering through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (134 mg, 56%).

Examples 192-195

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 24 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 192-195 in the same manner as Example 191.

TABLE 24 Examples 192-195 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 192 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Methylphenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (172 mg, fluoro-3′- fluorophenyl)- 1.27 mmol) methyl-[1,1′- carbamate (210 mg, biphenyl]-2- 0.63 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (158 mg, 73%) Example H) 193 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dimethyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (187 mg, fluoro-3′,5′- fluorophenyl)- 1.24 mmol) dimethyl- carbamate (206 mg, [1,1′- 0.62 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example H) (82 mg, 39%) 194 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- (182 mg, difluoro- fluoro- 1.30 mmol) [1,1′- phenyl-)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (215 mg, yl)carbamate 0.65 mmol) (124 mg, 55%) (Synthesis Example H) 195 (R)-(1-methyl- (R)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-3- pyrrolidin-3-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (198 mg, chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- 1.27 mmol) fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate (210 mg, biphenyl]-2- 0.63 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (151 mg, 66%) Example H)

Example 196 Synthesis of (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

Step 1 Synthesis of (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)carbamate

2-Bromo-4-fluorobenzoic acid (3 g, 13.70 mmol) and (R)-tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3.31 g, 16.44 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (4.5 g, 79%) in the same manner as Synthesis Example F.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.06-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.90-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.71 (m, 5H), 2.17-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.24 (t, 3H, J=7.2)

Step 2 Synthesis of (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate

(R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate (165 mg, 0.48 mmol) and (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)boronic acid (167 mg, 0.96 mmol) were used as starting materials to prepare titled compound (143 mg, 76%) in the same manner as Example 136.

Example 197 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate

[1,1′-Biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid (1 g, 5.05 mmol) was dissolved in toluene (20 mL). Biphenylphosphoryl azide (1.4 mL, 6.05 mmol) and triethylamine (0.71 mL, 5.05 mmol) were added thereto. The same was stirred at room temperature for minutes, and then stirred again under reflux at room temperature for 1 hour. The reactant was cooled to room temperature and (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanol (0.72 mL, 6.05 mmol) was added thereto, and then stirred under reflux for 12 hours. The reactant was cooled to room temperature. The solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (458 mg, 29%).

Examples 198-207

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 25 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 198-207 in the same manner as Example 197.

TABLE 25 Examples 198-207 Exam- ple Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 198 (S)-(1-methyl- 4′-Fluoro-[1,1′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- biphenyl]-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(4′- carboxylic acid methanol (318 μL, fluoro-[1,1′- (482 mg, 2.23 mmol) 2.68 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 1) (97 mg, 13%) 199 (S)-(1-methyl- 3′-Methyl-[1,1′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- biphenyl]-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(3′- carboxylic acid methanol (328 μL, methyl-[1,1′- (488 mg, 2.3 mmol) 2.76 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 14) (379 mg, 51%) 200 (S)-(1-methyl- 5-Fluoro-[1,1′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- biphenyl]-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(5- carboxylic acid methanol (0.26 mL, fluoro-[1,1′- (400 mg, 1.85 mmol) 2.22 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 20) (42 mg, 7%) 201 (S)-(1-methyl- 5-Fluoro-3′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- methyl-[1,1′- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl (5- biphenyl]-2- methanol (0.29 mL, fluoro-3′- carboxylic acid 2.4 mmol) methyl-[1,1′- (460 mg, 2.0 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 21) (98 mg, 14%) 202 (S)-(1-methyl- 3′,5-Difluoro- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- [1,1′-biphenyl]- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl 2-carboxylic acid methanol (0.24 mL, (3′,5- (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) 2.05 mmol) difluoro- (Synthesis [1,1′- Example 17) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (280 mg, 47%) 203 (S)-(1-methyl- 4′,5-Difluoro- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- [1,1′-biphenyl]- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl 2-carboxylic acid methanol (0.24 mL, (4′,5- (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) 2.05 mmol) difluoro- (Synthesis [1,1′- Example 18) biphenyl]-2- yl)carbamate (312 mg, 53%) 204 (S)-(1-methyl- 4-Fluoro-[1,1′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- biphenyl]-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl (4- carboxylic acid methanol (0.12 mL, fluoro-[1,1′- (180 mg, 0.83 mmol) 1.0 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 22) (140 mg, 51%) 205 (S)-(1-methyl- 3′,4-Difluoro- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- [1,1′-biphenyl]- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(3′,4- 2-carboxylic acid methanol (0.24 mL, difluoro- (400 mg, 1.71 mmol) 2.05 mmol) [1,1′- (Synthesis biphenyl]-2- Example 23) yl)carbamate (200 mg, 34%) 206 (S)-(1-methyl- 5-Methyl-[1,1′- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- biphenyl]-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(5- carboxylic acid methanol (201 μL, methyl-[1,1′- (300 mg, 1.41 mmol) 1.7 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 25) (189 mg, 41%) 207 (S)-(1-methyl- 3′-Fluoro-5- (S)-(1-methyl- pyrrolidin-2- methyl-[1,1′- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- yl)methyl(3′- biphenyl]-2- methanol (124 μL, fluoro-5- carboxylic acid 1.04 mmol) methyl-[1,1′- (200 mg, 0.87 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example 26) (265 mg, 89%)

Example 208 Synthesis of (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)-methyl(5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate

(S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl(2-bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)carbamate (200 mg, 0.60 mmol)(Synthesis Example N) was dissolved in a mixed solution of acetonitrile (3 mL) and water (3 mL). 3,5-Dimethylphenylboronic acid (181 mg, 1.20 mmol), sodium carbonate (95 mg, 0.90 mmol) and dichlorobistriphenylphosphine palladium (2 mg, 0.003 mmol) were added thereto. The reactant was stirred in a microwave oven at 150° C. for 10 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The same was filtered through celite and the solvent was removed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The same was extracted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified with column chromatography to prepare the titled compound (98 mg, 46%).

Examples 209-226

Starting materials and reacting materials in Table 26 were used to prepare compounds of Examples 209-226 in the same manner as Example 208.

TABLE 26 Examples 209-226 Example Chemical Name Starting Material Reacting Material 209 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 4-tert- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- Butylphenyl- yl)methyl (4′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid (tert-butyl)- fluorophenyl)- (213 mg, 1.20 mmol) 5-fluoro- carbamate (200 mg, [1,1′- 0.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (68 mg, 30%) 210 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluoro)phenyl- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5,5′- fluorophenyl)- (158 mg, 0.90 mmol) difluoro- carbamate (150 mg, [1,1′- 0.45 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (55 mg, 32%) 211 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-4- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- fluoro)phenyl- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-4′,5- fluorophenyl)- (316 mg, 1.81 mmol) difluoro- carbamate (300 mg, [1,1′- 0.91 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (56 mg, 16%) 212 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Fluoro-4- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2- chloro)phenyl- yl)methyl(4′- yl)methyl(2- boronic acid chloro-3′,5- bromo-4-fluoro- (316 mg, 1.81 mmol) difluoro- phenyl)carbamate [1,1′- (300 mg, 0.91 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (140 mg, 40%) 213 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Aminophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl (3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (68 mg, 0.50 mmol) amino-5- fluorophenyl)- fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate (150 mg, biphenyl]-2- 0.45 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (46 mg, 45%) Example N) 214 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (2-Fluoro-3- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic yl)methyl(2′,5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (187 mg, difluoro-3′- fluorophenyl)- 0.90 mmol) (trifluoromethyl)- carbamate (150 mg, [1,1′- 0.45 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (17 mg, 10%) 215 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (202 mg, chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- 0.90 mmol) fluoro-5′- carbamate (150 mg, (trifluoromethyl)- 0.45 mmol) [1,1′- (Synthesis biphenyl]-2- Example N) yl)carbamate (80 mg, 41%) 216 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- hydroxyphenyl)- yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- (135 mg, 0.79 mmol) fluoro-5′- carbamate (130 mg, hydroxy-[1,1′- 0.39 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (35 mg, 24%) 217 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (3-Chloro-5- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- methoxyphenyl)- yl)methyl (3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- boronic acid chloro-5- fluorophenyl)- (168 mg, 0.90 mmol) fluoro-5′- carbamate (150 mg, methoxy-[1,1′- 0.45 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (55 mg, 31%) 218 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- (2,4-Bis- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boronic yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (230 mg, fluoro-2′,4′- fluorophenyl)- 0.90 mmol) bis(trifluoromethyl)- carbamate (150 mg, [1,1′- 0.45 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (85 mg, 41%) 219 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Ethoxyphenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (200 mg, 1.20 mmol) ethoxy-5- fluorophenyl)- fluoro-[1,1′- carbamate (200 mg, biphenyl]-2- 0.60 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (94 mg, 42%) Example N) 220 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Dimethoxy- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl (5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (218 mg, fluoro-3′,4′- fluorophenyl)- 1.20 mmol) dimethoxy- carbamate (200 mg, [1,1′- 0.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (54 mg, 23%) 221 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dimethoxy- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (218 mg, fluoro-3′,5′- fluorophenyl)- 1.20 mmol) dimethoxy- carbamate (200 mg, [1,1′- 0.60 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example N) (140 mg, 60%) 222 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- Phenylboronic pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- acid (142 mg, yl)methyl(5- methyl(2-bromo-4- 1.16 mmol) methoxy-[1,1′- methoxyphenyl)- biphenyl]-2- carbamate (200 mg, yl)carbamate 0.58 mmol) (66 mg, 34%) (Synthesis Example O) 223 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Fluorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- yl)methyl(2- (162 mg, 1.16 mmol) fluoro-5- bromo-4-methoxy- methoxy-[1,1′- phenyl)carbamate biphenyl]-2- (200 mg, 0.58 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (99 mg, 55%) Example O) 224 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3-Chlorophenyl- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- boronic acid yl)methyl(3′- methyl(2-bromo-4- (181 mg, 1.16 mmol) chloro-5- methoxyphenyl)- methoxy-[1,1′- carbamate (200 mg, biphenyl]-2- 0.58 mmol) yl)carbamate (Synthesis (117 mg, 54%) Example O) 225 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,4-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (221 mg, (3′,4′- methoxyphenyl)- 1.16 mmol) dichloro-5- carbamate (200 mg, methoxy-[1,1′- 0.58 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example O) (90 mg, 38%) 226 (S)-(1-methyl- (S)-(1-methyl- 3,5-Dichloro- pyrrolidin-2- pyrrolidin-2-yl)- phenylboronic yl)methyl methyl(2-bromo-4- acid (221 mg, (3′,5′- methoxyphenyl)- 1.16 mmol) dichloro-5- carbamate (200 mg, methoxy-[1,1′- 0.58 mmol) biphenyl]-2- (Synthesis yl)carbamate Example O) (110 mg, 46%)

Experimental Example 1 Binding Assay on Human Muscarinic M3 Receptor

Cell membrane proteins (Perkin Elmer) wherein human muscarinic M3 receptor was overexpressed, [³H]-methyl scopolamine and test compounds in various concentration were cultured in 0.2 ml of Tris-HCl buffer at 25° C. for 120 minutes. The same was filtered under suction through glass fiber filter (Whatman GF/B), and then the filter was washed 5 times with 1 ml of Tris-HCl buffer. The radioactivity of [³H]-methyl scopolamine adsorbed on the filter was measured by a liquid scintillation counter. Non-specific binding was evaluated under existence of 5 μM of atropine. Affinity of the compound of the present invention to muscarinic M3 receptor was calculated as the dissociation constant (K_(i)), which can be calculated from concentration (IC₅₀) of test compounds inhibiting 50% of binding of [³H]-methyl scopolamine (i.e. labeled ligand) according to Cheng and Prusoff [Cheng and Prusoff, Biochem. Pharmacol., 22, 3099, 1973]. In following Table, compounds having stronger binding affinity to human muscarinic M3 receptor have lower dissociation constant (K_(i)).

TABLE 27 Binding affinity to human muscarine M3 receptor Binding Affinity to Example M3 Receptor, K_(i) (nM) 1 4.42 2 8.69 3 11.58 4 2.93 5 1101.45 6 2.47 7 31.84 8 1.33 9 9.10 10 401.05 11 467.04 12 88.00 13 80.10 14 12.39 15 2.27 16 1056.28 17 1.00 18 6.98 19 4.17 20 20.72 21 2.25 22 3.79 23 6.40 24 31.01 25 115.46 26 18.52 27 56.72 28 844.79 29 931.06 30 830.16 31 311.47 32 >1000 33 16.84 34 19.64 35 434.72 36 >1000 37 >1000 38 574.03 39 28.04 40 118.89 41 2.45 42 9.21 43 1.48 44 95.47 45 69.57 46 37.51 47 136.47 48 257.54 49 303.01 50 >1000 51 101.48 52 10.02 53 1.34 54 125.95 55 38.76 56 12.52 57 34.83 58 26.31 59 6.42 60 118.72 61 217.94 62 >1000 63 58.09 64 >1000 65 71.32 66 6.98 67 16.32 68 13.23 69 108.98 70 8.17 71 134.09 72 58.83 73 4.84 74 >1000 75 471.30 76 >1000 77 22.00 78 4.62 80 27.38 81 30.35 82 18.89 83 18.29 84 34.94 86 111.04 87 94.38 88 99.67 89 2.43 90 1.97 91 4.50 92 10.66 93 4.12 94 6.18 95 6.27 96 17.57 97 35.17 98 46.18 99 8.10 100 2.43 101 3.79 102 12.86 103 12.96 104 14.18 105 19.55 106 0.80 107 752.18 108 3.95 109 5.33 110 9.13 111 10.79 112 3.77 113 1.92 114 4.23 115 7.49 116 12.60 117 1.60 118 2.42 119 42.34 120 9.70 121 1.75 122 87.80 123 52.84 124 8.12 125 2.67 126 24.79 127 69.36 128 3.41 129 12.56 130 2.10 131 12.01 132 4.64 133 34.48 134 46.90 135 24.15 136 1.59 137 27.02 138 >1000 139 82.67 140 >1000 141 7.57 142 4.88 143 1.12 144 17.16 145 14.27 146 6.85 147 77.41 148 10.20 149 1.57 150 5.60 151 14.95 152 147.11 153 >1000 154 16.67 155 >1000 156 10.63 157 29.63 158 119.82 159 5.13 160 4.29 161 8.92 162 5.34 163 16.13 164 36.92 165 0.63 166 9.04 167 67.35 168 22.86 169 282.30 170 9.23 171 16.93 172 6.15 173 42.74 174 0.61 175 22.49 176 >1000 177 6.32 178 >1000 179 241.05 180 9.15 181 3.29 182 >1000 183 18.91 184 63.46 185 46.09 186 4.68 187 10.66 188 13.73 189 65.59 190 2.17 191 30.78 192 4.60 193 45.83 194 6.30 195 1.08 196 7.67 197 0.78 198 1.87 199 0.80 200 2.03 201 2.70 202 2.18 203 2.36 204 3.53 205 7.95 206 7.32 207 13.45 208 110.05 209 >1000 210 4.60 211 9.91 212 >1000 213 53.03 214 >1000 215 >1000 216 60.13 217 222.89 218 >1000 219 >1000 220 >1000 221 >1000 222 28.27 223 120.66 224 15.14 225 53.65 226 16.71

Experimental Example 2 Antagonism Assay on Human Muscarinic M3 Receptor

The antagonism assay for various compounds of the present invention was conducted on antagonism to human M3 receptor in Cos-7 cells that was transfected with plasmid coding human muscarinic M3 receptor. Test compounds in various concentrations were pre-treated to the cells for 3 minutes, and then the changes of intracellular calcium were measured after treating the same with carbachol (i.e. muscarinic receptor agonist). The FLIPR® Calcium 5 assay (Molecular Devices) and Flex3 device (Molecular Devices) were used to measure concentration of calcium. Amounts of calcium before and after carbachol treatment were set as 0% and 100% respectively. Inhibition rates (%) by the compounds for increase in intracellular calcium by carbachol were calculated. The antagonistic potency of the test compounds on human muscarinic M3 receptor was calculated as the functional binding constant (K_(b)), which can be calculated from concentration (IC₅₀) of compound inhibiting 50% of activity of carbachol according to Cheng and Prusoff equation. The compounds used in the experiment were identified as antagonists for human muscarinic M3 receptor, and lower K_(b) value means superior antagonistic potency.

TABLE 28 Antagonistic potency for human muscarinic M3 receptor Antagonism for M3 Example receptor, K_(b) (nM) 2 6.02 4 3.41 8 3.02 15 4.10 19 1.90 21 0.49 22 2.39 34 2.64 41 0.18 42 1.19 52 1.22 53 0.57 56 10.00 58 4.70 59 2.38 66 3.06 67 11.85 68 13.22 70 1.95 73 4.75 77 10.00 89 0.16 90 0.17 91 1.32 95 0.75 100 0.64 114 0.58 115 0.32 116 1.21 117 0.34 118 0.77 120 1.03 124 2.86 125 0.33 126 17.47 128 1.20 129 6.24 130 1.14 131 1.86 132 0.75 135 16.53 136 0.25 141 0.35 142 1.04 143 0.68 144 1.42 145 2.97 146 1.57 148 2.22 149 0.10 150 1.34 151 2.67 156 1.15 157 3.25 159 0.46 166 1.33 181 0.29 183 2.57 186 0.34 187 0.48 188 2.23 190 0.95 194 0.58 195 0.43 196 1.54 199 0.26 207 3.52 211 10.00 224 7.5 226 4.99

Experimental Example 3 Experiment on Rhythmic Bladder Contractions in Rats (In Vivo)

Female Sprague-Dawley rat was halothane-anesthetized, and a polyethylene catheter was inserted through urethra lay down straight and fixed. Urine in bladder was excreted through the catheter by gently massaging abdomen of the rat, and then removed. A three-way stopcock was connected to the catheter and a pressure transducer was connected to one side of the three-way stopcock to measure pressure, and a syringe was installed at the other side to inject 37° C. of saline solution. The saline solution was slowly injected until regular bladder contractions occurred repeatedly. When regular bladder contractions occurred stably, test compounds were administered intravenously through the tail vein. Inhibitory effect of the test compounds was evaluated by measuring degree of amplitude reduction of bladder contractions. The compounds of the present invention significantly reduced amplitude of bladder contractions when the compounds were administered at least 0.3 mg/kg or more.

TABLE 29 Rhythmic bladder contractility of rats Rhythmic bladder contractility of Example rats (%, 0.3 mpk) 1 26.1 ± 5.1 2 20.1 ± 3.1 3 15.9 ± 0.9 4 22.3 ± 4.9 6 28.5 ± 4.6 8 23.2 ± 2.3 9  9.6 ± 1.6 15 25.6 ± 2.2 17 27.9 ± 6.1 19 12.8 ± 3.0 22 16.7 ± 1.7 26 11.0 ± 2.5 34 20.1 ± 1.8 43  8.9 ± 2.3 52 10.8 ± 0.8 53 28.0 ± 5.0 59 11.6 ± 1.9 66 12.0 ± 1.4 70  9.7 ± 4.1 73 10.0 ± 1.0 78 17.9 ± 2.1 89 33.9 ± 3.5 90 27.4 ± 1.9 91 25.2 ± 2.5 93 27.3 ± 1.9 95 15.7 ± 0.8 99 16.3 ± 1.0 100 26.0 ± 6.0 101 20.1 ± 1.7 108 18.1 ± 1.4 109 18.1 ± 1.7 106 32.7 ± 5.2 112 34.8 ± 2.9 117 15.4 ± 0.1 121 31.4 ± 6.1 124 21.2 ± 0.7 125 22.6 ± 5.8 128 15.1 ± 3.4 129 15.7 ± 1.4 131 17.8 ± 2.5 136 33.2 ± 4.0 142 15.1 ± 3.4 143 24.3 ± 5.5 145 13.1 ± 3.0 146  8.2 ± 2.9 150 25.1 ± 2.5 160 15.5 ± 2.4 165 34.5 ± 2.5 166 10.2 ± 1.7 172 12.4 ± 2.7 177 11.3 ± 2.2 180  6.3 ± 1.3 181 18.1 ± 2.6 192 18.6 ± 3.6 194 24.6 ± 2.6 195 20.3 ± 2.6 197 32.8 ± 9.7 198 26.3 ± 2.4 199 27.8 ± 4.5 201  9.1 ± 3.0 202 17.3 ± 1.3 203 19.4 ± 4.0 204 23.3 ± 6.6 205 11.9 ± 3.7 207 18.2 ± 3.7

Experimental Example 4 Acute Toxicity Test for Oral Administration on Rats

In order to confirm acute toxicity of the compounds of the present invention, following experiment was conducted. A low-dose group, a medi-dose group and a high-dose group, wherein the compounds of Examples were administered 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, were prepared. Methyl cellulose solution (0.5%) was prepared and orally administered to 3 rats of each group (i.e. both sexes of 6-week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; male rats in 142-143 g; female rats in 126.3-127.3 g) in a volume of 10 mL/kg. Mortality, clinical signs and weight and the like were measured for 4 days, and discovered approximate lethal dose (ALD) therefrom were explained in Table 30 below. As shown in Table 30, approximate lethal dose of the test compounds were 1000 mg/kg or more, therefore the compounds were determined as safe drugs.

TABLE 30 Approximate lethal dose Approximate Lethal Example Dose (ALD) 15 >1000 53 >1000 89 >1000 90 >1000 91 >1000 100 >1000 136 >1000 143 >1000 150 >1000 199 >1000

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The novel biphenyl derivatives, the isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention acts as a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, and thus can be useful for the prevention or treatment of a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, and hyper salivation syndrome. 

1. A novel biphenyl derivative represented by the following formula 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:

wherein: R₁ is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R₂, R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkoxy, or —C(O)R₆; R₅ is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl; n is 0 or 1; and R₆ is hydrogen or amino.
 2. The novel biphenyl derivative, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is hydrogen or halogen; R₂, R₃ and R₄ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, or C₁-C₆ alkyl; and R₅ is C₁-C₆ alkyl.
 3. The novel biphenyl derivative, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is hydrogen; R₂, R₃ and R₄ are independently hydrogen or halogen; R₅ is C₁-C₆ alkyl; and n is 0 or
 1. 4. The novel biphenyl derivative, isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1, wherein the novel biphenyl derivative is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate, 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,4′,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-trifluoromethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-nitro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-trifluoromethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-trifluoromethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl ((3′-fluoro-4′-methyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-ethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,4-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-(3-hydroxypropyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-(dimethylamino)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-(tert-butyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-tert-butyl-5′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-fluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-amino-3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-ethyl-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-amino-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-4′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-fluoro-3′,4′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-chloro-3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5-chloro-3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5,5′-trichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5-dichloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5-dichloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-4′-formyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl (3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-(1-isobutylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (4′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5-dichloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-isopropylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-(hydroxymethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-carbamoyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-6′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,4′,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,4′-dichloro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-cyano-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-amino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,5,5′-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,4′,5,5′-tetrafluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-cyano-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-hydroxy-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4,4′,5-trifluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (2′,6′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; 2-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)ethyl (5′-chloro-2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,4′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,3′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-6′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (R)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (R)-(1-ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-2-ylcarbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-5-methyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethyl-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-(tert-butyl)-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5,5′-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-4′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (4′-chloro-3′,5-difluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-amino-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (2′,5-difluoro-3′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-hydroxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-fluoro-5′-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-2′,4′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-ethoxy-5-fluoro-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′,4′-dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-fluoro-3′,5′-dimethoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-fluoro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′-chloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,4′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate; and (S)-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl (3′,5′-dichloro-5-methoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-carbamate.
 5. A method for preparing a compound of the following formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising a step of reacting a compound of the following formula 2 with a compound of the following formula 3 in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim
 1. 6. A method for preparing a compound of the following formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 2 with a compound of the following formula 3a in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 4; removing an amine protecting group from the compound of formula 4 to prepare a compound of the following formula 1a; and introducing an R₅ substituent into the compound of formula 1a:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim 1, and PG₁ is an amine protecting group selected from the group consisting of Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl), benzyl, tert-butyl, PMB (4-methoxybenzyl), Fmoc (fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl), Ts (tosylate), MOM (methoxymethyl), THP (tetrahydropyranyl), TBDMS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl), and TBDPS (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl).
 7. The method of claim 5, wherein the compound of formula 2 is prepared by the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 in the presence of an acid to prepare a compound of the following formula 6, which has a carboxylic acid protecting group introduced therein; coupling the compound of formula 6 with a compound of the following formula 7 to prepare a compound of the following formula 8; and de-esterifying the compound of formula 8 in the presence of a base:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim 1; X is halogen; and PG₂ is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, benzyl, PMB (4-methoxybenzyl), THP (tetrahydropyranyl), TBDMS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl), and TBDPS (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl).
 8. A method for preparing a compound of the following formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 with a compound of the following formula 3 in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 9; and coupling a compound of the following formula 7 to the compound of formula 9:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim 1, and X is halogen.
 9. A method for preparing a compound of the following formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 with a compound of the following formula 3a in the presence of a carbamate synthesis reagent to prepare a compound of the following formula 9a; deprotecting the compound of formula 9a to prepare a compound of the following formula 9b; introducing an R₅ substituent into the compound of formula 9b to prepare a compound of the following formula 9; and coupling a compound of the following formula 7 to the compound of formula 9:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim 1; X is halogen; and PG₁ is the same as defined in claim
 6. 10. The method of any claim 5, wherein the carbamate synthesis reagent comprises an azide compound.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the carbamate synthesis reagent is a mixture of diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPPA) and triethylamine, a mixture of propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P), trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN₃) and triethylamine, or a mixture of sodium azide (NaN₃), tetrabutylammonium bromide and zinc(II) triflate.
 12. A muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist containing the compound of claim 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.
 13. The muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist of claim 12, which is for preventing or treating a disease selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, rhinitis, spasmodic colitis, chronic cystitis, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, glaucoma, schizophrenia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiac arrhythmia, hyper-salivation syndromes, enuresis, nervous pollakiuria, neurogenic bladder, unstable bladder, cystospasm, frequent urination, overactive bladder and urinary urgency.
 14. A method for preventing or treating a muscarinic M3 receptor-related disease, the method comprising administering a composition containing the compound of claim 1, an isomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient to mammals including humans in need thereof.
 15. (canceled)
 16. The method of claim 6, wherein the compound of formula 2 is prepared by the steps of: reacting a compound of the following formula 5 in the presence of an acid to prepare a compound of the following formula 6, which has a carboxylic acid protecting group introduced therein; coupling the compound of formula 6 with a compound of the following formula 7 to prepare a compound of the following formula 8; and de-esterifying the compound of formula 8 in the presence of a base:

wherein R₁ to R₅ and n are the same as defined in claim 1; X is halogen; and PG₂ is a protecting group selected from the group consisting of a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, benzyl, PMB (4-methoxybenzyl), THP (tetrahydropyranyl), TBDMS (tert-butyldimethylsilyl), and TBDPS (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl).
 17. The method of claim 6, wherein the carbamate synthesis reagent comprises an azide compound.
 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the carbamate synthesis reagent comprises an azide compound.
 19. The method of claim 9, wherein the carbamate synthesis reagent comprises an azide compound. 